Table 4 Biochemical parameters in urine of β-thalassemia major patients' groups and controls.

Albumin/Cr (mg/mmol)

1.56 ± 0.51

68.19 ± 79.85

63.35 ± 79.89

Range

(0.50-2.00)

(1.20-216.00)

(0.50-300.00)

Significance

P < 0.003

P < 0.006, *P < 0.779

Normal albumin, < 2.5 mg/mmol.creatinine

15 (100.00%)

2 (5.90%)

10 (28.60%)

Microalbuminurea,2.5-30 mg/mmol.creatinine

-

16 (47.10%)

9 (25.70%)

Proteinuria, > 30 mg/mmol.creatinine

-

16 (47.10%)

16 (45.70%)

NAG/Cr (U/mg)

7.47 ± 2.28

15.00 ± 6.17

13.84 ± 7.60

Range

(3.00-9.50)

(6.00-25.00)

(3.00-30.00)

Significance

P < 0.000

P < 0.002, *P < 0.453

β ₂ MG/Cr (ug/mg)

11.40 ± 6.70

70.90 ± 71.40

65.40 ± 74.00

Range

(1.80-22.00)

(3.00-220.00)

(0.90-280.00)

Significance

P < 0.005

P < 0.010, *P < 0.730

Uric acid (mg/dL)

25.20 ± 5.62

38.97 ± 18.53

36.86 ± 17.05

Range

(16.00-32.00)

(15.00-70.00)

(16.00-70.00)

Significance

P < 0.008

P < 0.023, *P < 0.593

Calcium (mg/dL)

9.01 ± 1.20

13.24 ± 4.53

12.63 ± 5.26

Range

(7.50-23.00)

(7.50-23.00)

(7.00-25.00)

Significance

P < 0.003

P < 0.011, *P < 0.569

Inorganic phosphorus (mg/dL)

11.83 ± 7.42

48.32 ± 38.83

42.53 ± 38.04

Range

(6.00-25.00)

(6.00-110.00)

(5.00-120.00)

Significance

P < 0.001

P < 0.006, *P < 0.495

MDA/Cr (nmol/mg)

13.57 ± 3.69

21.29 ± 9.77

20.20 ± 12.93

Range

(2.50-18.00)

(10.00-41.00)

(4.00-50.00)

Significance

P < 0.021

P < 0.045, *P < 0.671