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Table 1 Morbidity and mortality of preterm infants after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and after natural conception (non-IVF)

From: The effect of IVF pregnancies on mortality and morbidity in tertiary unit

Variable

IVF group n =112

Non-IVF group n =405

p-value

*Maternal age

30 (23–39)

28 (16–46)

<0.001

*Gravidity

2 (1–3)

2 (1–6)

<0.001

**Preeclampsia

16 (14)

81 (20)

0.2

Male/female (n)

50/62

252/153

0.2

**Intrauterine growth retardation

7 (6)

51 (13)

0.1

**Cesarean section

93 (83)

326 (80)

0.015

**Meconium-stained amniotic fluid

1 (1)

5 (1)

0.7

**Preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes

15 (13)

63 (16)

0.8

**Outborn newborn

6 (5)

42 (10)

0.1

**No prenatal maternal management

3 (3)

19 (5)

0.1

**Antenatal steroid

73 (18)

96 (24)

<0.001

*Gestational age (week)

31 (23–36)

32 (22–36)

<0.001

*Birth weight (g)

1770 (480–4060)

1980 (380–4200)

<0.001

**Multiple birth

   

Twins

57 (51)

56 (14)

<0.001

Triplets

30 (27)

10 (3)

 

Quadruplets

-

1

 

**Necessitating mechanical ventilation at admission

48 (43)

109 (27)

<0.001

**Respiratory distress syndrome

48 (43)

117 (29)

0.005

**Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

16 (13)

36 (9)

<0.001

**Intraventricular hemorrhage

  

<0.001

Grade 1

14 (13)

36 (9)

 

Grade 2

7 (6)

12 (3)

 

Grade 3

4 (4)

4 (1)

 

Grade 4

3 (3)

3 (1)

 

**Patent ductus arteriosus

19 (17)

42 (10)

 

Ligation

2

1

 

Ibuprofen treatment

10

14

<0.001

Indomethacin treatment

6

14

 

**Necrotizing enterocolitis

   

Grade 1

11 (10)

34 (9)

 

Grade 2

7 (6)

21 (5)

0.001

Grade 3

 

2 (1)

 

** Retinopathy of prematurity

   

Grade 1

6 (5)

5 (1)

0.073

Grade 2

2 (2)

8 (7)

 

Grade 3

2 (2)

4 (1)

 

**Sepsis

   

Early

28 (25)

64 (16)

0.052

Late

12 (11)

37 (9)

 

*Hospitalization time

9 (0–97)

8 (0–97)

0.064

**Mortality

7 (6)

36 (9)

0.2

  1. * Results are presented as median (minimum-maximum).
  2. ** Results are presented as number and percentage, n (%).
  3. p < 0.05 is statistically significant. *Mann–Whitney U test or **chi-squared test was used.