Table 1 Pediatric rhinocerebral zygomycosis: review of the literature from 1980 to 2013
Author | Cases (Number) | Sex | Ages (years) | Underlying condition | Treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kilpatrick et al. [4]. 1984 | 1 | F | 18 | DM 1 | Surgery, antifungal therapy | Survived with left orbital exenteration and ethmoidectomy. |
Kemper et al. [5]. 1993 | 1 | F | 18 | DM 1 | Surgery, L-AmB, HOT | Survived with right eye exenteration |
Garces et al. [6]. 1994 | 1 | M | 6 | Hematologic malignancy | Surgery | Deceased |
Moll et al. [7]. 1994 | 1 | Unknown | 12 | DM 1 | Surgery, antifungal therapy | Survived with minimal left cranial nerve palsies |
Shah et al. [8]. 1997 | 1 | M | 15 | DM 1 | L-AmB and HOT | Survived with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, right nonreactive pupil, minimal residual physical disability |
Kameh et al. [9] 1997 | 1 | M | 13 months | DM 1 | Surgery, L-AmB | Deceased |
Adler et al. [10]. 1998 | 1 | M | 16 | DM 1 | Surgery, L-AmB | Survived |
Lee et al. [11] 1998 | 1 | M | 10 | DM 1 | Surgery, L-AmB | Survived with open craniotomy for abscess resection |
Khanna et al. [12]. 1998 | 1 | F | 11 | DM 1 | Surgery, L-AmB | Deceased |
Parkin et al. [13]. 2000 | 2 | M; M | 13; 3 | Hematologic malignancy | G-CSF, L-AmB | Deceased for other cause; survived after bone marrow transplant |
Ryan et al. [14]. 2001 | 2 | F; M | 9;3 | Hematologic malignancy | Surgery, L-AmB | Deceased |
Gessesse et al. [15]. 2001 | 1 | M | 11 | DM 1 | Unknown | Deceased |
Wehl et al. [16]. 2002 | 1 | M | 9 months | Hematologic malignancy | L-AmB | Deceased |
Hamilton et al. [17]. 2003 | 1 | M | 14 | DM 1 | Surgery, antibiotics, HOT | Survived with enucleation of right eye |
Simmons et al. [18]. 2005 | 1 | F | 8 | DM 1 | Surgery, L-AmB, HOT, Interferon-G, POS, GM-CSF | Survived |
Sorensen et al. [19]. 2006 | 1 | F | 10 | Hematologic malignancy | L-AmB, POS, Caspofungin, surgery | Deceased for other cause |
Popa et al. [20] 2008 | 1 | F | 7 | Hematologic malignancy | L-AmB | Survived after neurosurgical debridement of the left temporal abscess |
Garner et al. [21]. 2008 | 2 | M; M | 5; 15 | Hematologic malignancy | L-AmB, POS | Survived |
Ganesh et al. [22] 2008 | 1 | M | 14 | DM 1 | L-AmB, itraconazole | Survived |
Tarani et al. [23]. 2009 | 1 | F | 12 | DM 1 | L-AmB, GM-CSF, HOT, surgery, POS | Survived |
Ibrahim et al. [24]. 2009 | 1 | F | 12 | DM 1 | L-AmB, POS | Survived |
Skiada et al. [3]. 2009 | 1 | M | 2 | Hematologic malignancy | L-Am B, POS | Vegetative state |
Safder et al. [25]. 2010 | 1 | F | 12 | Autoimmune hepatitis | Surgery, L-AmB | Survived with right eye exenteration |
Nirmala et al. [26]. 2011 | 1 | M | 12 | DM 1 | L-AmB | Survived |
Prasad et al. [27]. 2012 | 1 | F | 15 | Hematologic malignancy | Surgery and L-AmB | Deceased |