Table 3 Logistic regression for presumed risk factors for vitamin D deficiency (25-OH-D < 50 nmol/L) and hypovitaminosis D (25-OH-D < 75 nmol/L)
From: Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and predictors of vitamin D status in Italian healthy adolescents
| Â | Vitamin D deficiency | Hypovitaminosis D | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | B (SE) | OR | C.I. 95% | p | B (SE) | OR | C.I. 95% | p |
Gender | -0.52 (0.28) | 0.60 | 0.34-1.03 | 0.063 | -0.43 (0.37) | 0.65 | 0.31-1.36 | 0.251 |
(female vs male) | ||||||||
Residence | 0.01 (0.28) | 1.01 | 0.58-1.76 | 0.975 | 0.27 (0.37) | 1.30 | 0.63-2.70 | 0.477 |
(urban vs rural) | ||||||||
Season of blood withdrawal | 1.19 (0.30) | 3.31 | 1.82-6.01 | <0.0001 | 1.73 (0.40) | 5.64 | 2.59-12.27 | <0.0001 |
(winter-spring vs summer-fall) | ||||||||
BMI | 0.41 (0.29) | 1.50 | 0.84-2.67 | 0.167 | 1.36 (0.48) | 3.89 | 1.54-9.88 | 0.004 |
(normal vs overweight-obese) | ||||||||
Sun exposure | 1.57 (0.41) | 4.78 | 2.15-10.63 | <0.0001 | 1.78 (0.79) | 5.94 | 1.25-28.17 | 0.025 |
(low vs moderate-good) | ||||||||
Use of sunscreens | 0.63 (0.31) | 1.87 | 1.02-3.41 | 0.042 | 1.77 (0.54) | 5.89 | 2.05-16.94 | 0.001 |
(regular vs non regular) | ||||||||
Outdoor physical exercise | 0.34 (0.30) | 1.40 | 0.78-2.52 | 0.261 | 0.25 (0.38) | 1.28 | 0.60-2.71 | 0.522 |
(< 3 vs ≥ 3 hours/week) | ||||||||
History of fractures | -0.25 (0.33) | 0.78 | 0.41-1.49 | 0.448 | 0.38 (0.49) | 1.46 | 0.56-3.81 | 0.445 |
(positive vs negative) | ||||||||
|  | χ 2 = 49.62, p < 0.0001; Cox R2 = 0.173; Nagelkerke R2 = 0.231; | χ 2 = 62.33, p < 0.0001; Cox R2 = 0.212; Nagelkerke R2 = 0.341; | ||||||
Hosmer and Lemeshow test p = 0.482 | Hosmer and Lemeshow test p = 0.564 | |||||||