From: Pain control in newborn: pharmacological interventions
Pharmacological Interventions | Level of evidence | ||
---|---|---|---|
 | Grade of Recommendation | ||
Opioids | INT | VAM | PostOP |
Fentanyl/ Fentanyl+ muscle relaxant | ++ | +++ | + |
 | ↑/↑↑ | ↑↑ | ↑ |
Remifentanil | +++ | ++ | + |
 | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ |
Morphine | ++ | +++ | + |
 | ↓ | ↑↑ | ↑ |
Anesthetics | Â | Â | Â |
Ketamine | ++ | Non indication | Non indication |
 | ↑ |  |  |
Propofol* | ++ | Non indication | Non indication |
 | ↑ |  |  |
Tiopental* | ++ | Non indication | Non indication |
 | ↑ |  |  |
Sedative | Â | Â | Â |
Midazolam in association with opioids** | ++ | + | + |
 | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ |
Dexmedetomidine | Non indication | ++ | + |
 |  | ↑ | ↑ |
Other weak analgesic | Â | Â | Â |
Paracetamol** | Non indication | Non indication | +++ |
 |  |  | ↑↑ |
Tramadol | Non indication | Non indication | ++ |
 |  |  | ↑ |