Pain control in newborn: pharmacological interventions

Table 1 Efficacy of Pharmacological Interventions in newborn

Pharmacological Interventions	Level of evidence
	Grade of Recommendation
Opioids	INT	VAM	PostOP
Fentanyl/ Fentanyl+ muscle relaxant	++	+++	+
	↑/↑↑	↑↑	↑
Remifentanil	+++	++	+
	↑	↓	↑
Morphine	++	+++	+
	↓	↑↑	↑
Anesthetics
Ketamine	++	Non indication	Non indication
	↑
Propofol*	++	Non indication	Non indication
	↑
Tiopental*	++	Non indication	Non indication
	↑
Sedative
Midazolam in association with opioids**	++	+	+
	↑	↑	↓
Dexmedetomidine	Non indication	++	+
		↑	↑
Other weak analgesic
Paracetamol**	Non indication	Non indication	+++
			↑↑
Tramadol	Non indication	Non indication	++
			↑

Legend.
INT =tracheal intubation, VAM = mechanical ventilation POp = postoperative pain
* Facilitating the procedure, reducing time required for INT
** Only in near term-term newborn
Level of Evidence (LOE): Very High ++++ (RCT), High +++ (RCT), Low ++ (Case series), Very Low + (Case report). Grade of Recommendation:strong or weak to use or strong or weak

ISSN: 1824-7288