Table 4 Preconception risk factors according to maternity clinics
From: Prevalence of maternal preconception risk factors: an Italian multicenter survey
Preconception risk factors | All (n = 2 212) | Verbania (n = 320) | Genova (n = 393) | Fidenza (n = 220) | Pisa (n = 202) | Roma Fatebenefratelli (n = 511) | Roma Santo Spirito (n = 240) | Benevento (n = 326) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
Folic acid | |||||||||
No | 351 | 16.0 | 39.9 | 11.7 | 13.4 | 14.5 | 10.8 | 9.6 | 13.7 |
At least one month before | 256 | 11.7 | 7.9 | 15.0 | 8.8 | 11.0 | 14.3 | 16.3 | 6.2 |
At least six month before | 259 | 11.8 | 8.2 | 16.0 | 7.8 | 14.5 | 14.1 | 15.4 | 5.0 |
Soon after pregnancy diagnosis | 1201 | 54.9 | 40.2 | 53.7 | 59.0 | 55.5 | 53.8 | 57.5 | 67.3 |
After 1 trimester | 122 | 5.6 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 11.1 | 4.5 | 7.0 | 1.3 | 7.8 |
Smoking at LMP | |||||||||
Yes | 583 | 26.4 | 23.1 | 22.6 | 27.3 | 32.7 | 25.8 | 28.3 | 28.5 |
No | 1 629 | 73.6 | 76.9 | 77.4 | 72.3 | 67.3 | 74.2 | 71.7 | 71.5 |
Smoking after pregnancy confirmation | |||||||||
Yes | 181 | 8.2 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 10.5 | 9.4 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 9.2 |
No | 2 031 | 91.8 | 92.8 | 91.6 | 89.5 | 90.6 | 93.0 | 92.9 | 90.8 |
Second-hand smoking | |||||||||
Yes | 287 | 14.3 | 6.1 | 10.9 | 11.5 | 9.7 | 17.0 | 11.2 | 27.8 |
No | 1 715 | 85.7 | 93.9 | 89.1 | 88.5 | 90.3 | 83.0 | 88.8 | 72.2 |
BMI before pregnancy | |||||||||
Underweight | 184 | 8.4 | 9.7 | 11.7 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 9.2 | 4.9 |
Normal range | 1 588 | 72.2 | 71.1 | 71.8 | 75.6 | 72.1 | 78.3 | 70.4 | 63.4 |
Overweight | 305 | 13.9 | 14.2 | 12.0 | 13.8 | 15.9 | 10.7 | 12.5 | 20.6 |
Obese | 123 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 3.2 | 7.9 | 11.1 |
Pregestational disease | |||||||||
Yes | 208 | 9.5 | 6.4 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 12.9 | 16.6 | 6.9 | 5.6 |
No | 1 981 | 90.5 | 93.6 | 92.6 | 93.1 | 87.1 | 83.4 | 93.1 | 94.4 |
Specific disease | |||||||||
Hypothyroidism | 117 | 5.3 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 7.5 | 9.7 | 5.2 | 3.1 |
Thrombophilia | 16 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
Hypertension | 13 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
Asthma | 10 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
Medication use during first trimester | |||||||||
Yes | 539 | 25.7 | 17.7 | 24.3 | 27.6 | 28.2 | 36.0 | 16.4 | 23.7 |
No | 1 562 | 74.3 | 82.3 | 75.7 | 72.4 | 71.8 | 64.0 | 83.6 | 76.3 |