Association between obesity and high blood pressure among Lithuanian adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Characteristics of the study participants according to BP level

Variables	Normotensive		Prehypertensive		Hypertensive		p
	(n = 4,847)		(n = 955)		(n = 1,655)		p
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Sex:
Boys	1,952	55.9	524	15.0	1,018	29.1	<0.001* ^
Girls	2,895	73.1	431	10.8	637	16.1
Age (years):
12–13	2,823	72.7	322	8.3	737	19.0	<0.001* ^
14–15	2,024	56.6	633	17.7	918	25.7
BMI categories:
Normal weight	4,409	69.2	759	11.9	1,204	18.9	<0.001* ^
Overweight	384	42.4	159	17.6	362	40.0
Obesity	54	30.0	37	20.6	89	49.4
WC percentile categories:
<75th	4,601	67.8	831	12.2	1,355	20.0	<0.001* ^
75th– < 90th	205	38.5	102	19.2	225	42.3
≥90th	41	29.7	22	15.9	75	54.4
Age (years)	13.0 (12.0–14.0)		14 (13.0–15.0)^a		14.0 (13.0–15.0)^a,b		<0.001^#
Weight (kg)	50.0 (42.0–56.0)		58.0 (52.0–66.0)^a		59.0 (52.0–68.0)^a		<0.001^#
Height (cm)	162.0 (156.0–168.0)		170.0 (164.0–176.0)^a		168.0 (161.5–175)^a,b		<0.001^#
BMI (kg/m²)	18.5 (16.9–20.2)		20.1 (18.4–22.1)^a		20.7 (18.9–22.9)^a,b		<0.001^#
WC (cm)	64.0 (61.0–69.0)		68.0 (64.0–73.0)^a		70.0 (65.0–75.0)^a,b		<0.001^#
SBP (mmHg)	111.0 (105.3–115.0)		124.3 (122.0–127.3)^a		138.0 (132.7–144.3)^a,b		<0.001^#
DBP (mmHg)	63.1 ± 6.4		67.1 ± 6.9^a		71.7 ± 8.1^a,b		<0.001^#

BP – blood pressure, BMI – body mass index, WC – waist circumference, SBP – systolic blood pressure, DBP – diastolic blood pressure, SD – standard deviation.
Values are presented as mean ± SD or median (25th–75th percentiles).
^aSignificantly different (p < 0.05) from normotensive participants.
^bSignificantly different (p < 0.05) from prehypertensive participants.
*Significant difference using chi-square (χ 2) test.
^Significant difference using Cochran-Armitage trend test.
^#Significant difference between three groups.

ISSN: 1824-7288