Table 1 Characteristics of 13 children with TOS
Patient | Sex | Age (yr) | Side | Type | Tests | Anatomic anomalies | Treatment | Follow-up | Complication |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | F | 4 | Left | Neurogenic | Wright test (+), Adson test (+) | C5-T1 nerve roots and the upper, middle, and lower trunks of the brachial plexus were wrapped by proliferated connective tissue. | Surgery + Local block | 1Y | Pain, improved after Localblock |
2 | F | 6 | Both | Neurogenic | Negative | Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes were found in the fat pad of the posterior cervical triangle. | Surgery | 18 M | No |
3 | M | 6 | Left | Neurogenic | Wright test (+),Adson test (+) | The front edge of scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus minimus were composed entirely of tendon tissue. | Surgery | 3Y | No |
4 | M | 6 | Right | Neurogenic | Negative | Nonsurgical treatment | Local block | 2Y | No |
5 | F | 6 | Right | Neurogenic | Negative | Nonsurgical treatment | Local block | 2Y | No |
6 | F | 7 | Both | Neurogenic | Wright test (+), Adson test (+) | Nonsurgical treatment | Local block | 2Y | No |
7 | F | 7 | Left | Neurogenic | Negative | Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes were found in the fat pad of the posterior cervical triangle. | Surgery | 18 M | No |
8 | F | 7 | Right | Arterial | Wright test (+),Adson test (+) | Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes were found in the fat pad of the posterior cervical triangle. | Surgery | 2Y | No |
9 | M | 9 | Right | Neurogenic | Wright test (+),Adson test (+) | Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes were found in the fat pad of the posterior cervical triangle. | Surgery + Local block | 2Y | No |
10 | F | 9 | Left | Neurogenic | Wright test (+),Adson test (+) | The front edge of scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus minimus were composed entirely of tendon tissue. | Surgery + Local block | 20 M | No |
11 | F | 11 | Left | Neurogenic | Wright test (+),Adson test (+) | C8 and T1 nerve roots were wrapped by proliferated connective tissue. | Surgery | 14 M | No |
12 | F | 13 | Right | Arterial | Wright test (+),Adson test (+) | The front edge of the scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus minimus were composed entirely of tendon tissue. | Surgery + Local block | 16 M | No |
13 | F | 13 | Left | Venous | Negative | The front edge of the scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus minimus were composed entirely of tendon tissue. | Surgery + Local block | 18 M | No |