Table 6 Observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on allergen immunotherapy (AIT) which included pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis (AD)
From: Consensus Conference on Clinical Management of pediatric Atopic Dermatitis
Study | Study design | Patients n (age, yrs) | Allergen | Route | Duration (months) | Outcome | Adverse reactions % AIT compared to control group | Efficacy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kaufman et al. 1974 [271] | qRCT DBPC | 52 (2–47) | Danders | SCIT | 24 | Success of the treatment (Physician) | Systemic: NA | Positive in 81 % of treatment group vs. 40 % of controls |
HDM | ||||||||
Moulds | Locals: 50 vs 40 | |||||||
Pollens | ||||||||
Warner et al. 1978 [272] | RCT DBPC | 20 (5–14) | HDM | SCIT | 12 | Success of the treatment (Patient) | Systemic: NA | Positive |
Locals: NA | ||||||||
De Prisco de Fuenmayor et al. 1979 [273] | Obs. | 15 (6–14) | Airborne allergens | SCIT | - | Clinical assessment | Occasional exacerbation of AD | Positive in 60 % of patients |
Ring 1982 [274] | PC | 2 twins (10) | Pollens (grasses) | SCIT | 24 | Clinical assessment sIgE (grasses) Total IgE | Occasional exacerbations of eczema in SCIT patients | Positive |
Seidenari et al. 1986 [275] | Open | 63 (4–45) | SCIT | 6–24 | Clinical assessment | Occasional mild exacerbation | Positive in 65 % of patients | |
Glover et al. 1992 [276] | RCT DBPC | 24 (5–16) | HDM | SCIT | 8 (phase I) | Success of the treatment | Systemic: 0 vs 8 | Uncertain with a possible positive effect of prolonged treatment (phase II) |
6 (phase II) | (Patient) | Locals: NA | ||||||
Heijer et al. 1993 [277] | Obs. | 93 (6–66) | Airborne allergens | SCIT | 39 | Clinical assessment | Asthma, RC, fever, fatigue, itching, dizziness | Positive |
Total IgE | ||||||||
Galli et al. 1994 [278] | RCT PC | 34 (0.5–12) | HDM | SLIT | 36 | Success of the treatment (Physician) | Systemic:0 | Negative |
Locals: 6.3 vs 5.6 | ||||||||
Trofimowicz et al. 1995 [279] | Obs. | 22 | HDM | SCIT | 36 | Clinical assessment | - | Positive in 75 % of patients treated with AIT for HDM and up to 80 % of patients treated with AIT for pollens |
Pollens | ||||||||
Zwacka et al. 1996 [280] | Controlled | 212 (6–15) | Airborne allergens | SCIT vs SLIT | 24 | Clinical assessment | - | Positive (both SLIT and SCIT) |
Total IgE | ||||||||
Czarnecka-Operacz et al. 2006 [281] | RCT DBPC | 66 (5–44) | HDM | SCIT | 48 | Success of the treatment (Physician) | - | Positive |
- 37 AIT | Pollens | |||||||
-29 Controls | ||||||||
Pajno et al. 2007 [282] | RCT DBPC | 56 (5–16) | HDM | SLIT | 18 | SCORAD (Physician) | - Local reactions in 7 SLIT patients | Positive only in patients with mild to moderate AD, not in those with severe |
- Itching and erythema in 2 SLIT patients | ||||||||
-28 AIT | Pharmacotherapy | |||||||
-28 Controls | ||||||||
Cadario et al. 2007 [283] | Obs. | 86 (3–60) | HDM | SLIT | 12 (at least) | SCORAD | No severe reactions | Positive |
Total IgE and sIgE | ||||||||
Bussmann et al. 2007 [284] | Obs. | 25 (5–65) | HDM (allergoid) | SCIT | 7 | SCORAD | - | Positive |
sIgE; sIgG4 | ||||||||
IL/mediators | ||||||||
Nahm et al. 2008 [285] | Obs. | 20 (7–58) | HDM | SCIT | 12 | Clinical assessment | None relevant | Positive |
SCORAD | ||||||||
Kwon et al. 2010 [286] | Obs. | 20 (6–33) | HDM | SCIT | 12–60 | Clinical assessment | No exacerbations | Positive |
sIgE (DP) | ||||||||
Total IgE | ||||||||
Chemokines |