Table 3 Cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters measured at the maximum workload in all subjects

VE (l/min)

67.7 ± 20.3 (27.9–90.0)

71.0 ± 16.6 (37.4–97.0)

69.8 ± 21.9 (39.7–95.0)

75.1 ± 13.3 (37.8–86.6)

ns

ns

VE (ml/kg/min)

1348.7 ± 722.3 (416–2820)

1320.1 ± 185.6 (1036–1672)

1393.4 ± 595.3 (571–2650)

1475.9 ± 245.0 (1065–1939)

ns

ns

RF (breath/min)

50.2 ± 9.4 (32.0–58.0)

53.6 ± 7.3 (43.1–64.3)

50.4 ± 12.0 (31.0–75.0)

53.1 ± 6.8 (40.4–68.0)

ns

ns

VT (l)

1.5 ± 0.5 (0.6–2.2)

1.3 ± 0.3 (0.8–1.8)

1.5 ± 0.7 (0.5–2.5)

1.2 ± 0.2 (0.7–1.6)

ns

ns

VT (ml/kg/min)

28.4 ± 8.8 (17.7–42.5)

27.5 ± 5.1 (15.5–31.8)

28.0 ± 8.5 (14.5–41.1)

28.0 ± 4.1 (20.5–34.8)

ns

ns

VO₂max (ml/Kg/min)

39.9 ± 5.7 (27.9–60.2)

37.8 ± 3.7 (33.9–48.7)

44.7 ± 6.3 (28.5–58.4)

44.3 ± 3.7 (38.7–50.5)

ns

<0.0008

VO2 max / LBM (ml/Kg/min)

49.6 ± 7.1 (34.8–70.4)

46.2 ± 5.3 (39.9–60.9)

55.3 ± 9.6 (37.3–70.1)

53.2 ± 5.4 (43.8–65.3)

ns

<0.002

HRmax (beat/min)

189.3 ± 6.1 (177–196)

192.7 ± 9.6 (176–210)

190.2 ± 11.9 (171–206)

197.0 ± 6.8 (178–210)

ns

ns

SBPmax (mmHg)

140.0 ± 24.8 (110–155)

156.5 ± 13.8 (120–175)

145.6 ± 22.6 (110–170)

149.0 ± 7.9 (125–160)

ns

ns

DBPmax (mmHg)

65.0 ± 9.7 (50–80)

69.1 ± 0.5 (50–72)

72.5 ± 8.3 (60–75)

69.0 ± 5.1 (60–79)

ns

ns

Exercise time (min)

10.8 ± 2.5 (9.0–12.0)

11.5 ± 1.5 (10.5–12.5)

12.9 ± 1.6 (10.0–14.0)

13.7 ± 1.3 (11.5–15.0)

ns

<0.02