Table 2 Causes of neonatal hypertension

Renovascular

 Renal artery stenosis

 Renal artery thrombosis

 Renal venous thrombosis

Renal parenchymal disease/obstructive uropathy

 Polycystic kidney disease

 Acute tubular necrosis

 Nephrocalcinosis

 Severe vesicoureteral reflux

 Stenosis of ureteropelvic junction

 Posterior urethral valve

 Ureterocele

 Other causes of acute and chronic renal insufficiency

Cardiac

 Aortic coarctation

 Aortic arch reconstruction

 Patent ductus arteriosus

Endocrine

 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (17 alpha or 11 beta hydroxylase deficiency)

 Hyperthyroidism

 Hyperaldosteronism

 Hypercalcemia

Neurologic

 Intracranial hypertension

 Seizures

 Intraventricular hemorrhage

 Abstinence syndrome from opioid withdrawal

 Pain

Neoplasia

 Neuroblastoma

 Wilms tumor

 Pheochromocytoma

Closure of abdominal wall defect

 Gastroschisis

 Giant omphalocele

Iatrogenic

 Dexamethasone and other corticosteroids

 Methylxanthines (caffeine, theophylline)

 Vasoactive amines (dopamine, adrenaline)

 Bronchodilators

 Phenylephrine

 Parenteral nutrition (volume overload, sodium, calcium)

 Extracorporeal respiratory assistance

Malformation syndromes

 DiGeorge

 Potter

 Congenital Rubella

 CHARGE

 VACTERL