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Table 3 Prevalence and association of preconception folic acid supplement according to reported maternal characteristics

From: Prevalence and determinants of preconception folic acid use: an Italian multicenter survey

Characteristic

No. of women

No. of supplement usersa

Crudeb

Adjustedc

Prevalence ratio

95 % confidence interval

Prevalence ratio

95 % confidence interval

N

n

%

    

Maternal age (years)

       
 

<25d

130

7

5.4

0.23

0.07, 0.80

0.31

0.12, 0.80

 

25–29

404

76

18.8

0.78

0.60, 1.01

0.94

0.79, 1.11

 

30–34

724

177

24.4

1

 

1

 
 

35–39

660

185

28.0

1.13

1.03, 1.23

1.05

0.96, 1.15

 

40 or more

209

62

29.7

1.18

1.03, 1.36

0.98

0.85, 1.14

Parity

       
 

0d

1,246

335

26.9

1

 

1

 
 

1

730

148

20.3

0.74

0.63, 0.86

0.86

0.77, 0.95

 

2

171

29

17.0

0.65

0.56, 0.76

0.82

0.57, 1.18

 

3 or more

42

3

7.1

0.24

0.08, 0.72

0.66

0.29, 1.51

Educational level

       
 

Primary schoold

331

31

9.4

1

 

1

 
 

Secondary school

960

206

21.5

1.99

1.73, 2.29

1.69

1.46, 1.95

 

University

890

277

31.1

2.80

2.41, 3.26

1.90

1.62, 2.22

Marital status

       
 

No partnerd

213

26

12.2

1

 

1

 
 

Married/cohabiting

1,957

485

24.8

2.26

1.86, 2.75

1.44

1.21, 1.72

Citizenship

       
 

Non-Italiand

319

45

14.1

1

   
 

Italian

1,867

470

25.2

2.32

1.21, 4.42

1.40

0.99, 1.97

Working activity

       
 

Studyingd

106

19

17.9

1

 

1

 
 

Working

1,683

422

25.1

1.47

0.89, 2.42

1.00

0.73, 1.36

 

Working at home

283

49

17.3

1.15

0.68, 1.96

1.10

0.77, 1.58

 

Not working

94

23

24.5

1.49

0.73, 3.06

1.31

0.88, 1.97

Pregnancy intention

       
 

Unintendedd

121

8

6.6

1

 

1

 
 

Mistimed

646

54

8.4

1.34

0.79, 2.28

1.02

0.61, 1.70

 

Intended

1,392

448

32.2

4.87

2.51, 9.43

2.40

1.14, 5.05

Preconception health visit

       
 

Nod

1,266

127

10.0

1

 

1

 
 

Yes

907

388

42.8

4.21

3.09, 5.72

2.90

2.21, 3.82

Infertility treatment

       
 

Nod

2,001

418

20.9

1

 

1

 
 

Ovulation inductor use, no ART

31

15

48.4

2.11

1.35, 3.29

1.00

0.62, 1.60

 

ART

128

74

57.8

2.75

2.08, 3.64

1.35

1.08, 1.68

Maternal smoking before pregnancy

       
 

Nod

1,614

413

25.6

1

 

1

 
 

Yes

575

102

17.7

0.70

0.59, 0.82

0.92

0.79, 1.07

BMI before pregnancy

       
 

Underweightd

180

42

23.3

1

 

1

 
 

Normal weight

1,573

389

24.7

1.11

0.89, 1.38

0.97

0.75, 1.25

 

Pre-obese

303

64

21.1

1.01

0.81, 1.27

0.97

0.75, 1.26

 

Obese

122

19

15.6

0.77

0.53, 1.11

0.84

0.54, 1.31

Chronic disease

       
 

Nod

1,959

436

22.3

1

 

1

 
 

Yes

208

71

34.1

1.47

1.17, 1.85

1.22

1.09, 1.37

  1. Abbreviation: ART assisted reproductive technology, BMI body mass index
  2. aAny supplement use that started before the last menstrual period
  3. bCrude prevalence ratio was estimated by log-binomial regression models
  4. cAdjusted for maternal age, parity, maternal education, marital status, Italian citizenship, pregnancy intention, preconception health visit, infertility treatment, and maternal smoking before pregnancy
  5. dReference category
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Italian Journal of Pediatrics

ISSN: 1824-7288

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