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Table 3 Clinical characteristics of T1DM patients according to the amount of yeast-like fungi colonizing the digestive tract

From: No effect of yeast-like fungi on lipid metabolism and vascular endothelial growth factor level in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Yeast–like fungi

HbA1c %

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

VEGF (pg/ml)

10^3 CFU/g

n = 19

7.1 ± 0.8

172.81 ± 29.33

101.87 ± 23.65

59.4 ± 8.3

327.03 ± 179.9

10^6 CFU/g

n = 26

7.4 ± 1.9

183.52 ± 20.89

107.41 ± 18.89

51.6 ± 12.4

370.37 ± 194.84

p-value

0.01*

0.14

0.23

0.41

0.32

  1. The results are presented as ± SD, significance (p < 0.05)
  2. Abbreviations: VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, LDL Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
  3. *Patients with T1DM and yeast-like fungi 10^3 CFU/g vs 10^6 CFU/g