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Table 4 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models for factors promoting the use of analgesia sedation

From: Sedation and analgesia practices at Italian neonatal intensive care units: results from the EUROPAIN study

Predictors of analgesia/sedation

Univariate

Multivariate

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

Gestational age (weeks) ≤32

<.0001

3.54 (2.15–5.83)

  

CRIB score

<.0001

2.03 (1.66–2.48)

0.0002

1.46 (1.20–1.77)

Asphyxia, APGAR <5 at 5’

<.0001

33.17 (6.17–178.29)

  

Sex, female

0.2999

0.78 (0.49–1.25)

  

Born in same hospital as NICU

0.0307

0.497 (0.26–0.96)

  

Type of ventilation

    

 Invasive vs Spontaneous

<.0001

117.16 (43.88–312.82)

<.0001

62.59 (22.01–177.97)

 Noninvasive vs Spontaneous

2.61 (1.14–5.98)

2.60 (1.02–6.61)

Use of pain scales

<.0001

19.04 (5.92–61.19)

0.0046

5.38 (1.69–17.16)

Pain specialist physician

0.2891

0.50 (0.14 – 1.81)

  

Pain specialist nurse

0.1111

0.41 (0.14–1.23)

  

Pain management team

0.4972

1.42 (0.52–3.91)

  

Local guidelines for pain assessment

0.8953

1.10 (0.27–4.55)

  

NICU beds (≤ 15 beds vs >15 beds)

0.0089

3.68 (1.39–9.77)

0.0372

3.55 (1.08–11.69)

Number of NICU admission

0.0677

0.99 (0.98–1.00)