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Table 3 Physical examination

From: The Italian Society for Pediatric Nephrology (SINePe) consensus document on the management of nephrotic syndrome in children: Part I - Diagnosis and treatment of the first episode and the first relapse

Clinical parameters

Edema

Signs/symptoms of hypovolemia

Signs/symptoms of infectious/systemic disease

▪ Heart rate

▪ Respiratory rate

▪ Blood pressure

▪ O2 saturation

▪ Body weight

▪ Periorbital

▪ Pretibial

▪ Genital

▪ Ascites

▪ Bowel wall edema

▪ Pleural effusion

▪ Pulmonary edema

▪ Anasarca

▪ Abdominal pain

▪ Tachycardia

▪ Cold hands/feet

▪ Oliguria

▪ Capillary refill >2 s

▪ Fever

▪ Skin rash

▪ Purpura

▪ Arthritis