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Table 1 Currently available psychotherapeutic treatments for children with conduct disorder and high CU traits

From: Conduct disorders and psychopathy in children and adolescents: aetiology, clinical presentation and treatment strategies of callous-unemotional traits

Name

Age range

Treatment target

Time range

Directed to (children, parents, teachers etc.)

Main references

CARES Module

3.5–8

Improvement of emotion recognition and labelling; enhancement of pro-social and empathic behaviour; increase of child’s frustration tolerance.

6 weeks

Children

Datyner et al., 2016

ERT

6–16

Enhancement of emotion recognition and interpretation; improvements of empathic abilities.

4 sessions (90 min each)

Children

Dadds et al., [94]

Mental Models

Adolescents

Increase positive emotion and reduce negative affect; improvement of decision-making skills; reduction of psychopathic features.

12 weeks

Children

Salekin et al., [96]

CP Program

7–14

Improvement of emotion recognition, especially anger; increase of child’s ability to cope with anger arousal; enhancement of perspective taking ability and problem solving skills; improvement of parenting skills.

12 months

Children and parents

Lochman and Wells, [97]; Muratori et al., [98]

  1. Legend: CARES coaching and rewarding emotional skills, ERT emotion recognition training, CP coping power