Skip to main content

Table 2 Recommended diagnostic procedures for GER/GERD focusing only on infants with apnoea or ALTE [37]

From: Apparent Life-Threatening Events (ALTE): Italian guidelines

Diagnostic investigation

When to perform it

pH-monitoring, or better, pH- impedance if available

- suspected recurrent aspiration pneumonia

- unexplainable apnoeas or inflammation of the upper airways or non-epileptic simil-convulsive episodes or apparent Sandifer Syndrome

Upper endoscopy

- reported haematemesis not caused by ingested blood

- persistent regurgitation after the first year of life

- prolonged refuse to eat or persistent poor growth associated with regurgitation

- unexplainable iron-deficiency anaemia

- suspected Sandifer Syndrome