Symptoms | Clinical indicators of exacerbation | HRCT findings | Most common isolated bacteria |
---|---|---|---|
Chronic wet cough | Increase in frequency of cough | Bronchial dilatation | Haemophilus influenzae |
Recurrent chest infections | Change of cough character | Bronchial wall thickening | Streptococcus pneumonia |
Exertional dyspnea | Increase in crepitations | Lack of normal bronchial tapering | Moraxella catarrhalis |
Recurrent wheezing | Wheeze | Signet ring sign | Staphylococcus aureus |
Delayed growth | Bronchi visible closer than 2 cm to the pleural surface | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (in older children) | |
Chest wall deformity | Broncho-arterial ratio > 0,8 |