Vitamin D in pediatric age: consensus of the Italian Pediatric Society and the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics, jointly with the Italian Federation of Pediatricians

Table 5 Dietary reference values of vitamin D in infants, children, and adolescents as proposed by various Organizations and Societies

Organization/Society	Year	Country/Countries	Dietary reference value for vitamin D	0–12 months, IU/day	1–18 years, IU/day
European Food Safety Authority [26]	2016	Europe	AI	400 (7–11 months)	600 (1–17 years)
Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition [25]	2016	United Kingdom	Safe Intake (< 4 years)	340–400	400
Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition [25]	2016	United Kingdom	RNI (4–18 years)	340–400	400
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations [16]	2012	Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Faroe Islands, Greenland, Åland Islands	RI	400	400
German Nutrition Society [17]	2012	Germany, Austria, Switzerland	AI	400 (infants)	800^a (children)
Health Council of the Netherlands [18]	2012	The Netherlands	AI	400	400
Italian Society of Nutrition [89]	2012	Italy	AI (< 12 months)	400 (6–12 months)	600
Italian Society of Nutrition [89]	2012	Italy	PRI (1–18 years)	400 (6–12 months)	600
Institute of Medicine [10]	2011	North America, Canada	AI (< 12 months)	400	600
Institute of Medicine [10]	2011	North America, Canada	RDA (1–18 years)	400	600
The Endocrine Society [11]	2011	Worldwide	Daily requirement^b	400–1000	600–1000

AI Adequate Intake, the average observed daily level of intake by a population group of apparently healthy people that is assumed to be adequate
Safe Intake, a level or range of intakes considered to pose no risk of deficiency and below a level where there is a risk of undesirable effects
RNI Reference Nutrient Intake, the amount of a nutrient that is likely to meet the needs of 97.5% of the population
RI Recommended Intake, the amount of a nutrient that meets the known requirement and maintains good nutritional status among practically all (97–98%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage or gender group
PRI Population Reference Intake, the level of nutrient intake sufficient to satisfy the needs of almost all (97.5%) healthy subjects in one specific population group
RDA Recommended Dietary Allowance, the estimated intake capable of satisfying the needs of 97.5% of the population
^aAdequate intake with missing endogenous synthesis of vitamin D
^bRecommended requirements for subjects at risk of vitamin D deficiency

ISSN: 1824-7288