Fig. 2From: The future outlook on allergen immunotherapy in children: 2018 and beyondProposed immunological mechanisms of action of immunotherapy: induction of Treg; production of IL-10 and TGF-β, cytokines to upregulate regulatory dendritic cell (regDC) and immunomodulate target cells, such as B cells, mast cells/basophils with with downregulation of IgE production by the production of IgG4, which are ‘blocking antibodies’Back to article page