Table 1 Characteristics of the population included in the study
Total | 859 | 100% |
|---|---|---|
Sex (n = 859) | ||
Male | 483 | 56.2% |
Female | 376 | 43.8% |
Macro-area of origin (n = 859) | ||
Europe and Russian federation | 256 | 29.8% |
Latin America | 231 | 26.9% |
Asia and Indian subcontinent | 223 | 26.0% |
Africa | 149 | 17.3% |
Climatic zone of origin (n = 859) | ||
Tropical | 438 | 51.0% |
Sub-tropical | 166 | 19.3% |
Temperate | 255 | 29.7% |
Housing solution before adoption (n = 828) | ||
Foster home | 70 | 8.5% |
Foster family | 65 | 7.9% |
Institute | 693 | 80.6% |
Mean duration of institutionalization (n = 750) | 3.00 years | SD ± 2.03 years |
Complexion (n = 859) | ||
Very fair/Fair | 290 | 33.8% |
Intermediate | 340 | 39.6% |
Olive/Brown | 229 | 26.7% |
Mean height (n = 793) | 109 cm | SD ± 21 cm |
Mean weight (n = 797) | 19.93 kg | SD ± 9.02 kg |
Mean BMI (n = 699) | 16.0 | SD ± 2.28 |
BMI status (n = 699) | ||
Obese | 59 | 8.4% |
Overweight | 67 | 9.6% |
Normal | 536 | 76.7% |
Underweight | 37 | 5.3% |
Mean age at the arrival in Italy (n = 808) | 5.31 years | SD ± 2.92 years |
Mean age at the blood draw (n = 859) | 5.61 years | SD ± 2.97 years |
Mean time from the arrival to the blood draw (n = 808) | 0.33 years | SD ± 0.44 years |
Season at blood draw (n = 859) | ||
Spring | 191 | 22.2% |
Summer | 149 | 17.3% |
Fall | 259 | 30.2% |
Winter | 260 | 30.3% |
Mean Vitamin D (n = 859) | 21.04 ng/mL | SD ± 11.15 ng/mL |
Vitamin D status (n = 859) | ||
Severe Vitamin D Deficiency (< 10 ng/mL) | 107 | 12.5% |
Moderate Vitamin D Deficiency (10–20 ng/mL) | 348 | 40.5% |
Mild Vitamin D Deficiency (20–30 ng/mL) | 276 | 32.1% |
Normal Vitamin D (> 30 ng/mL) | 128 | 14.9% |
Mean PTH (n = 822) | 32.24 pg/mL | SD ± 15.56 ng/mL |
PTH status (n = 822) | ||
Increased (> 65 pg/mL) | 24 | 2.8% |
Normal (10–65 pg/mL) | 795 | 96.7% |
Decreased (< 10 pg/mL) | 3 | 0.4% |
Mean ALP (n = 831) | 385.01 IU/L | SD ± 299.27 IU/L |
ALP status (n = 831) | ||
Increased | 201 | 24.2% |
Normal | 630 | 75.8% |
Mean Ca (n = 824) | 9.94 mg/dL | SD ± 0.45 mg/dL |
Ca status (n = 824) | ||
Increased | 18 | 2.2% |
Normal | 803 | 97.5% |
Decreased | 3 | 0.4% |
Mean P (n = 813) | 4.86 | mg/dL |
P status (n = 813) | ||
Increased | 46 | 5.7% |
Normal | 731 | 89.9% |
Decreased | 36 | 4.4% |