Table 4 Factors associated with childhood anemia severity in multivariable POM considering anemic status as outcome variable with three ordered categories
Variable | Categories | Anemic status and severity level(n(%)) | Bivariable POM Analysis | Multivariable POM analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Severe or moderate anemia (n(%)) | Mild anemia (n(%)) | No anemia | cPOR (95%CI) | p-value | aPOR (95%CI) | p-value | ||
Age of child (months) | 6–11 | 18 (24.3) | 18 (24.3) | 38 (51.4) | 10.20 (4.81, 21.71) | < 0.001 | 13.9 (5.5, 35.02) | < 0.001 |
12–23 | 30 (16.6) | 45 (24.9) | 106 (58.6) | 7.17 (3.56, 14.24) | < 0.001 | 8.53 (3.8, 19.18) | < 0.001 | |
24–35 | 20 (11.5) | 27 (15.5) | 127 (73.0) | 3.88 (1.92, 7.82) | < 0.001 | 4.77 (1.67, 10.04) | < 0.001 | |
36–47 | 7 (4.5) | 26 (16.8) | 122 (78.7) | 2.67 (1.29, 5.55) | 0.008 | 3.58 (1.67, 7.65) | 0.001 | |
48–59 | 3 (2.4) | 8 (6.5) | 112 (91.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Maternal age | < 25 years | 19 (11.5) | 41 (24.8) | 105 (63.6) | 1.51 (1.04, 2.19) | 0.032 | 0.94 (0.60, 1.47) | 0.7794 |
> 35 years | 7 (9.2) | 13 (17.1) | 56 (73.7) | 0.98 (0.57, 1.69) | 0.943 | 0.92 (0.49, 1.74) | 0.806 | |
25–35 years | 52 (11.2) | 70 (15) | 344 (73.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Maternal education | No formal education | 27 (12.3) | 42 (19.1) | 151 (68.6) | 1.57 (1.06, 2.34) | 0.025 | 1.19 (0.72, 1.96) | 0.489 |
Primary education | 27 (12.9) | 44 (21) | 139 (66.2) | 1.74 (1.17, 2.59) | 0.006 | 1.71 (1.10, 2.65) | 0.017 | |
Secondary and above | 24 (8.7) | 38 (13.7) | 215 (77.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
ANC visits | Never visited | 10 (21.3) | 12 (25.5) | 25 (53.2) | 2.23 (1.06, 4.69) | 0.035 | 1.42 (0.59, 3.39) | 0.433 |
1–4 time visited | 59 (10.0) | 101 (17.2) | 428 (72.8) | 0.94 (0.55, 1.61) | 0.831 | 0.72 (0.39, 1.31) | 0.281 | |
More than 4 times visited | 9 (12.5) | 11 (15.3) | 52 (72.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Child’s birth place | At home | 26 (17.9) | 29 (20.0) | 90 (62.1) | 1.8 (1.23, 11.99) | 0.002 | 1.64 (1.3, 2.61) | 0.038 |
At health institution | 52 (9.3) | 95 (16.9) | 145 (73.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Frequency of Complementary feeding | < 3 times per day | 7 (25.9) | 7 (25.9) | 13 (48.1) | 2.68 (1.22, 5.92) | 0.015 | 2.46 (1.02, 5.77) | 0.003 |
3–4 times per day | 57 (10.5) | 90 (16.9) | 394 (72.8) | 0.91 (0.61, 1.37) | 0.853 | 1.51 (0.94, 2.43) | 0.181 | |
> 4 times per day | 14 (10.1) | 27 (19.4) | 98 (70.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Loss of appetite | Yes | 17 (12.1) | 34 (24.3) | 89 (63.6) | 1.51 (1.02, 2.20) | 0.039 | 1.14 (0.74, 1.75) | 0.554 |
No | 61 (10.8) | 90 (15.9) | 416 (73.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Presence of morbidity symptom | Yes | 18 (11.8) | 38 (25.0) | 96 (63.2) | 1.54 (1.06, 11.60) | 0.025 | 1.46 (0.83, 2.58) | 0.191 |
No | 60 (10.8) | 86 (15.5) | 409 (73.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Child being breastfed | Yes | 52 (17.3) | 71 (23.6) | 178 (59.1) | 2.88 (2.08, 4.01) | < 0.001 | 1.24 (0.76, 2.03) | 0.382 |
No | 26 (6.4) | 53 (13.1) | 327 (80.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Presence of Diarrhea | Yes | 8 (9.6) | 23 (27.7) | 52 (62.7) | 1.43 (0.89, 2.30) | 0.135 | 0.64 (0.31, 1.31) | 0.222 |
No | 70 (11.2) | 101 (16.2) | 453 (72.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Preceding birth interval | 12–24 months | 10 (12) | 16 (19.3) | 57 (68.7) | 1.04 (0.62, 1.75) | 0.882 | 1.0 (0.52, 1.92) | 0.9963 |
25–48 months | 20 (13.4) | 24 (16.1) | 105 (70.5) | 0.99 (0.65, 1.51) | 0.949 | 0.76 (0.42, 1.35) | 0.346 | |
> 48 months | 17 (9.1) | 26 (14.0) | 143 (76.9) | 0.69 (0.46, 1.05) | 0.087 | 0.71 (0.40, 1.24) | 0.231 | |
First child | 31 (10.7) | 58 (20.1) | 200 (69.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Maternal marital status | Unmarried* | 13 (14.8) | 18 (20.5) | 57 (64.8) | 1.43 (0.90, 2.28) | 0.126 | 1.8 (1.07, 3.03) | 0.026 |
Married | 65 (10.5) | 106 (17.1) | 448 (72.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Pre-lactal feeding | Yes | 8 (13.8) | 13 (22.4) | 37 (63.8) | 1.44 (0.83, 2.50) | 0.194 | 1.33 (0.71, 2.46) | 0.37 |
No | 70 (10.8) | 111 (17.1) | 468 (72.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Family monthly income | <$108 | 54 (12.1) | 88 (19.7) | 308 (68.2) | 1.54 (1.09, 2.18) | 0.015 | 1.35 (0.91, 2.01) | 0.136 |
≥$108 | 24 (9.2) | 36 (13.8) | 201 (77.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Family size | > 5 | 17 (11.9)_ | 26 (18.2) | 100 (69.9) | 0.95 (0.61, 1.47) | 0.819 | 1.51 (0.83, 2.77) | 0.179 |
4–5 | 33 (10.5) | 47 (15.0) | 234 (74.5) | 0.84 (0.53, 1.10) | 0.145 | 1.16 (0.71, 1.90) | 0.562 | |
< 4 | 28 (11.2) | 51 (20.4) | 171 (68.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||