Table 2 Basic characteristics of the enrolled mother-infant dyads according to group
Mothers | |||
Mean ± SD | Group A (n = 405) | Group B (n = 397) | P |
Age (years) | 35.1 ± 4.8 | 34.8 ± 4.6 | 0.4 |
Pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.5 ± 3.3 | 21.7 ± 3.5 | 0.3 |
Weight gain during pregnancy (kg) | 12.4 ± 4.8 | 13.0 ± 6.9 | 0.1 |
Duration of previous breastfeeding experience (months) | 8.3 ± 6.7 | 7.2 ± 6.0 | 0.1 |
Labour duration (hours) | 5.4 ± 5.8 | 5.1 ± 5.9 | 0.5 |
Timing of first latch (minutes) | 120.4 ± 286 | 113.6 ± 193 | 0.6 |
N (%) | |||
Marital status | 0.8 | ||
Married | 283 (70) | 281 (71) | |
Not married | 121 (30) | 114 (29) | |
Maternal education | 0.6 | ||
Low maternal education (≤13 years) | 25 (6) | 21 (6) | |
High maternal education (> 13 years) | 379 (94) | 374 (94) | |
Parity | 0.4 | ||
Primiparous | 235 (58) | 245 (62) | |
Multiparous | 169 (42) | 152 (38) | |
Attitude towards smoking | 21 (5) | 14 (3.5) | 0.2 |
Prenatal intention to breastfeed | 405 (100) | 394 (99) | 0.3 |
Previous breastfeeding experience | 138 (34) | 118 (30) | 0.6 |
Attendance at a pregnancy course | 174 (43) | 183 (46) | 0.3 |
Diseases during pregnancy | 14 (3) | 16 (4) | 0.7 |
Drug consumption during pregnancy | 128 (32) | 128 (32.2) | 0.8 |
Anaesthesia/analgesia during labour | 320 (79) | 334 (84) | 0.06 |
Mode of delivery | 0.003 | ||
Caesarean section | 147 (36) | 185 (47) | |
Vaginal | 258 (64) | 212 (53) | |
Satisfaction with breastfeeding support received during hospital stay | 379 (94) | 360 (91) | 0.2 |
Infants | |||
Mean ± SD | Group A (n = 405) | Group B (n = 397) | P |
Gestational age (weeks) | 38.9 ± 1.05 | 38.9 ± 1.1 | 0.7 |
1-min Apgar score | 9.01 ± 0.70 | 8.9 ± 0.74 | 0.3 |
5-min Apgar score | 9.9 ± 0.34 | 9.8 ± 0.36 | 0.4 |
Birth weight (g) | 3312 ± 366 | 3332 ± 330 | 0.4 |
Birth length (cm) | 49.7 ± 1.6 | 49.8 ± 1.8 | 0.6 |
Head circumference (cm) | 34.5 ± 1.3 | 34.6 ± 1.6 | 0.3 |
N (%) | |||
Gender | 0.3 | ||
Male | 209 (52) | 192 (48) | |
Female | 195 (48) | 205 (52) | |