Table 1 Sample composition by socio-demographic, early, clinical, lifestyle factors and food habits of the ASSO subjects
Parameter 1 | Parameter 2 | N (%); (father) (%), [mother] [%] |
|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic factors | ||
Gender***$$$ | Male | 524 (60.7) |
Female | 339 (39.3) | |
Age | 14–15 years | 355 (41.1) |
16–17 years | 508 (58.9) | |
Marital status | Married | 1204 (85.9); (601) (86.1), [603] [85.7] |
Other | 198 (14.1); (97) (13.9), [101] [14.3] | |
Weight status***$ | Normal weight | 758 (54.1); (279) (40.1), [479] [68.2] |
Overweight/obese | 640 (45.8); (417) (59.9), [223] [31.8] | |
Education | Low | 407 (29); (206) (29.5)***$, [201] [28.6]*$$ |
High | 995 (70.9); (492) (70.5)***$, [503] [71.4]*$$ | |
Occupation | Occupied | 1030 (73.5); (621) (89.0), [409] [58.1] |
Other | 372 (26.45); (77) (11.0), [295] [41.9] | |
Profession | Manual job | 118 (10.5); (94) (15.1), [24] [5.9] |
Non-manual job | 912 (89.5); (527) (84.9), [385] [94.1] | |
Family Affluence Scalea | Medium/low | 309 (43.6) |
High | 400 (56.4) | |
Pocket money | Up to € 10 | 659 (92.9) |
More than € 10 | 50 (7.1) | |
Early life factors | ||
Term of birth | Full-term | 588 (82.9) |
Pre-term | 121 (17.1) | |
Breastfeeding | Yes | 569 (80.3) |
Not | 140 (19.7) | |
Birth weight** | Normal | 464 (65.4) |
Under/over weight | 245 (34.6) | |
Breastfeeding duration | 3–5 months | 466 (81.9) |
6 months | 103 (18.1) | |
Type of birth* | Natural | 376 (53.0) |
Caesarean | 333 (47.0) | |
Weaning | 3–5 months | 533 (75.2) |
6 months | 176 (24.8) | |
Clinical aspects | ||
Diagnosed diseasesb | Not | 617 (87.0) |
Yes | 92 (13.0) | |
Family diseasesb | Not | 284 (40.1) |
Use of drugs | Not | 663 (93.5) |
Yes | 46 (6.5) | |
Psycho-physical malaise scorec | Low/very low | 486 (68.5) |
High/very high | 223 (31.5) | |
Lifestyles | ||
Use of supplementsd**$ | Not | 641 (90.4) |
Yes | 68 (9.6) | |
Smoking frequency | Lower than 7 days/week | 25 (40.3) |
7 days/week | 37 (59.7) | |
Slimming regime***$$$ | Not | 585 (82.5) |
Yes | 124 (17.5) | |
Alcohol consumer | Not | 195 (37.5) |
Yes/sometimes | 325 (62.5) | |
Way to go to school$ | Walking/by bike | 126 (24.2) |
By car/scooter | 394 (75.8) | |
Type of alcoholic drinks | Beer/wine/light drinks | 198 (60.9) |
Spirits | 127 (39.1) | |
Physical activity statuse*$ | Active | 325 (62.5) |
Sedentary | 195 (37.5) | |
Alcoholic riskf | Not at risk | 467 (89.8) |
At risk | 53 (10.2) | |
Smoke | Non-smoker/ experimenterg | 458 (88.1) |
Sporadic/weekly/dailyh | 62 (11.9) | |
Coffee consumption | Not | 296 (56.9) |
Yes | 224 (43.1) | |
Food habits | ||
Breakfast consumption | Regular | 457 (62.6) |
None/sporadic | 273 (37.4) | |
Between meals | None | 337 (46.2) |
At least one | 393 (53.8) | |
Breakfast adequacyi | Adequate | 226 (31.0) |
Inadequate | 504 (69.0) | |
Industrial foods consumption | Up to one/week | 546 (74.8) |
More than one/week | 184 (25.2) | |
School-break adequacyi | Adequate | 176 (24.1) |
Inadequate | 554 (75.9) | |
Organic food consumption | Yes | 391 (53.6) |
Not | 339 (46.4) | |
Lunch adequacyl | Adequate | 549 (75.2) |
Inadequate | 181 (24.8) | |
Fresh vegetables/fruit consumption | Yes | 560 (76.7) |
Not | 170 (23.3) | |
Afternoon-break adequacyi | Adequate | 204 (27.9) |
Inadequate | 526 (72.1) | |
Vending machines foods consumption | Not | 375 (51.4) |
Yes | 355 (48.6) | |
Dinner adequacyl | Adequate | 489 (67.0) |
Inadequate | 241 (33.0) | |