Clinical characterization of neonatal and pediatric enteroviral infections: an Italian single center study

Table 2 Laboratory tests at presentation

	Total (n = 61)	NA	0–90 days (n = 44)	NA	> 90 days (n = 17)	NA	p
Blood testing
WBC count, (/μL), median (IQR) ^a	10,550 (6900-13,225)	0	9110 (6508-11,568)	0	12,010 (10,578-15,680)	0	NC
Raised WBC count, n (%)	10 (16.4)	0	1 (2.3)	0	9 (52.9)	0	< 0.01
Low WBC count, n (%)	16 (26.2)	0	16 (36.4)	0	0	0	0.01
CRP (mg/dL), median (IQR) ^b	0.81 (0.10–1.40)	6	0.81 (0.30–1.38)	6	0.91 (0.10–2.85)	0	0.60
CRP > 1 mg/dL, n (%)	24 (43.6)		16 (42.1)		8 (47.1)		0.60
CRP > 5 mg/dL, n (%) ^c	4 (7.3)		2 (5.3)		2 (11.8)		0.66
PLT (thous/μL), median (IQR) ^a	305 (250–380)	0	309 (244–392)	0	293 (267–345)	0	0.65
Low PLT count, n (%)	1 (1.6)	0	1 (2.3)	0	0	0	0.62
ALT (mg/dL), median (IQR) ^a	22 (15–30)	2	25 (19–34)	2	14 (9–17)	0	NC
Raised ALT levels, n (%)	7 (11.9)	2	7 (16.7)	2	0	0	0.17
Total bilirubin (mg/dL), median (IQR)	3.56 (1.27–5.83)	32	3.56 (1.27–5.83)	15	–	17	NC
CSF parameters^d
CSF cell count (/μL), median (IQR, range)	39 (4–250, 0–1864)	11	8 (2–185, 0–1864)	9	108 (44–339, 12–1256)	2	NC
CSF pleocytosis, n (%)	30 (60.0)		16 (45.7)		15 (100)		< 0.01
CSF protein (mg/dL), median (IQR)	45.5 (33–68)	11	58.5 (39–101)	9	24 (15–42.8)	2	NC
Raised CSF protein, n (%)	15 (30.0)		13 (37.1)		2 (13.3)		0.18
CSF glucose (mg/dL), median (IQR)	46 (40–51)	5	43.5 (39–46.5)	4	58.5 (48–71)	1	NC
Low CSF glucose, n (%)	4 (7.1)		3 (7.5)		1 (6.3)		0.68

CRP C-reactive Protein, CSF Cerebrospinal fluid, Hb Haemoglobin, NA Number of cases for which data were not available; NC Not comparable; PLT Platelets; WBC White blood cell
^a Normal values according to age reported in reference [23]
^b Children with concomitant urinary tract infection were excluded from the analysis
^c Peak CRP > 5 mg/dL during the course of the disease was present in 8 (18.2%) infants aged 0 to 90 days and 3 (17.6%) aged more than 90 days (11, 18.0% of the total population);
^d Traumatic lumbar punctures were excluded from the comparison of CSF cell count and protein levels. Pleocytosis was defined as ≥ 20/μL, 0–30 days of life; ≥ 15/μL, 30–60 days of life; or ≥ 5/μL, > 60 days of life. Raised CSF protein level was > 90 mg/dL, 0–30 days of life; and > 45 mg/dL, > 30 days of life. Low CSF glucose was < 37 mg/dL, 0–30 days of life; and < 40, > 30 days of life [16, 17].

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