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Table 2 Bivariate correlations between BISQ, QUIT, PAPA, PAMA, paternal involvement and bedtime difficulties perceived by mothers

From: Parental Mental Health, Fathers’ Involvement and Bedtime Resistance in Infants

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1. Infants’ Bedtime Difficulties_BISQ_MO

1

      

2. Negative Emotionality_QUIT_MO

.04

1

     

3. Minutes taken to fall asleep_BISQ_MO

.30*

.10

1

    

4. Paternal Post-partum affective disorders PAPA_TOT

.27*

.01

.08

1

   

5. Maternal Post-partum affective disorders PAMA_TOT

.32*

.14

.17

.45**

1

  

6. Constant Bedtime Routines_BISQ_MO

−.37**

.02

−.15

−.12

−.13

1

 

7. Paternal Involvement_MO

−.15

−.52*

.02

−.03

.06

−.12

1

Mean

2.10

2.73

2.44

6.01

6.75

4.34

3.18

SD

1.27

.70

.74

4.43

4.67

1.06

1.01

Range

1–5

0–4.5

1–4

0–16

0–21

1–5

1–5

  1. * p < .05; ** p < .01
  2. Abbreviations: MO = reported by mothers; BISQ = Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire; QUIT = Italian Temperament Questionnaires; PAPA_TOT = Perinatal Assessment of Paternal Affectivity Total score; PAMA_TOT = Perinatal Assessment of Maternal Affectivity Total score