From: Growth patterns and associated risk factors of congenital malformations in twins
Not malformed neonates (n = 434) | Malformed neonates (n = 54) | p | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Median | IQR | Mean | SD | Median | IQR | ||
Twin A, larger (%) | 94.3 | 5.7 | |||||||
Twin B, smaller (%) | 86.6 | 16.4 | 0.00018 | ||||||
Sex (F:M) | 1.0 | 1.5 | 0.26080 | ||||||
Prematurity (%) | 65.0 | 74.0 | 0.18330 | ||||||
GA (weeks) | 35.3 | 2.9 | 36.1 | 2.9 | 34.5 | 3.1 | 35.7 | 4.9 | 0.05421 |
BW (g) | 2177.5 | 584.7 | 2270.0 | 697.5 | 1892.2 | 628.5 | 1915.0 | 855.0 | 0.00113 |
BW centile | 30.5 | 24.8 | 24.0 | 36.0 | 27.0 | 26.0 | 17.5 | 35.0 | 0.13920 |
SGA (<10° centile, %) | 31.5 | 54.3 | 0.07327 | ||||||
FGR (< 3° centile, %) | 7.1 | 9.3 | 0.57470 | ||||||
BW difference (g) | 275.4 | 247.1 | 200.0 | 270.0 | 311.3 | 281.4 | 210.0 | 210.0 | 0.36720 |
BW discordance | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.10930 |
BW difference mean rate | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.09 | −0.05 | 0.11 | −0.05 | 0.09 | < 0.0001 |
Length (cm) | 44.5 | 4.2 | 45.2 | 4.0 | 42.8 | 4.5 | 43.0 | 5.0 | 0.00280 |
Length centile | 34.5 | 27.4 | 29.0 | 44.0 | 31.3 | 27.4 | 27.0 | 43.8 | 0.30510 |
Length difference (cm) | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 0.99490 |
HC (cm) | 31.5 | 2.8 | 32.0 | 2.5 | 30.5 | 3.1 | 31.0 | 4.6 | 0.01571 |
HC centile | 41.1 | 27.4 | 36.0 | 40.4 | 40.4 | 30.3 | 35.5 | 50.8 | 0.66650 |
HC SD | −0.27 | 0.97 | −0.35 | 1.18 | −0.44 | 1.24 | −0.38 | 1.43 | 0.61490 |
HC difference (cm) | 0.69 | 1.30 | 0.50 | 1.40 | 0.82 | 1.79 | 0.70 | 1.50 | 0.66060 |
PI (g/cm3) | 2.4 | 0.3 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.02298 |
PI difference | 0.08 | 0.29 | 0.05 | 0.37 | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0.2140 |
BMI (g/cm2) | 10.8 | 1.6 | 11.0 | 1.8 | 10.0 | 1.8 | 9.9 | 2.8 | 0.00207 |
BMI difference | 0.70 | 1.09 | 0.54 | 1.37 | 0.87 | 1.10 | 0.76 | 1.33 | 0.08006 |
BMI difference mean ratio | 0.03 | 1.14 | 0.02 | 0.70 | −0.25 | 0.65 | −0.31 | 0.87 | 0.00159 |