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Table 1 Demographic and auxological characteristics of twin neonates

From: Growth patterns and associated risk factors of congenital malformations in twins

 

Not malformed neonates

(n = 434)

Malformed neonates

(n = 54)

p

Mean

SD

Median

IQR

Mean

SD

Median

IQR

Twin A, larger (%)

94.3

   

5.7

    

Twin B, smaller (%)

86.6

   

16.4

   

0.00018

Sex (F:M)

1.0

   

1.5

   

0.26080

Prematurity (%)

65.0

   

74.0

   

0.18330

GA (weeks)

35.3

2.9

36.1

2.9

34.5

3.1

35.7

4.9

0.05421

BW (g)

2177.5

584.7

2270.0

697.5

1892.2

628.5

1915.0

855.0

0.00113

BW centile

30.5

24.8

24.0

36.0

27.0

26.0

17.5

35.0

0.13920

SGA (<10° centile, %)

31.5

   

54.3

   

0.07327

FGR (< 3° centile, %)

7.1

   

9.3

   

0.57470

BW difference (g)

275.4

247.1

200.0

270.0

311.3

281.4

210.0

210.0

0.36720

BW discordance

0.11

0.10

0.09

0.11

0.15

0.13

0.12

0.10

0.10930

BW difference mean rate

0.01

0.09

0.01

0.09

−0.05

0.11

−0.05

0.09

< 0.0001

Length (cm)

44.5

4.2

45.2

4.0

42.8

4.5

43.0

5.0

0.00280

Length centile

34.5

27.4

29.0

44.0

31.3

27.4

27.0

43.8

0.30510

Length difference (cm)

1.4

1.9

1.0

2.5

1.7

2.8

1.0

3.0

0.99490

HC (cm)

31.5

2.8

32.0

2.5

30.5

3.1

31.0

4.6

0.01571

HC centile

41.1

27.4

36.0

40.4

40.4

30.3

35.5

50.8

0.66650

HC SD

−0.27

0.97

−0.35

1.18

−0.44

1.24

−0.38

1.43

0.61490

HC difference (cm)

0.69

1.30

0.50

1.40

0.82

1.79

0.70

1.50

0.66060

PI (g/cm3)

2.4

0.3

2.4

0.3

2.3

0.3

2.3

0.4

0.02298

PI difference

0.08

0.29

0.05

0.37

0.10

0.30

0.13

0.33

0.2140

BMI (g/cm2)

10.8

1.6

11.0

1.8

10.0

1.8

9.9

2.8

0.00207

BMI difference

0.70

1.09

0.54

1.37

0.87

1.10

0.76

1.33

0.08006

BMI difference mean ratio

0.03

1.14

0.02

0.70

−0.25

0.65

−0.31

0.87

0.00159

  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, BW birthweight, FGR fetal growth restriction, GA gestational age, HC head circumference, PI ponderal index, SD standard deviation, SGA small for gestational age
  2. Significant differences are in bold