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Table 2 Clinical data and laboratory results of group 2 and controls (two evaluations after the same time of follow-up)

From: Increased incidence of precocious and accelerated puberty in females during and after the Italian lockdown for the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic

Variable

Group 2

Controls

before lockdown

after lockdown

visit 1

visit 2

Population number

12

12

11

11

Chronological age at diagnosis (yr)

7.47 ± 0.53

–

7.41 ± 0.61

–

Chronological age at follow-up (yr)

7.95 ± 0.49

8.26 ± 0.47

7.93 ± 0.51

8.31 ± 0.53

Time between the two visits (yr)

–

0.31 ± 0.02

–

0.38 ± 0.02

Height, SDS

0.87 ± 1.22

0.89 ± 1.25

0.86 ± 1.13

0.90 ± 1.16

BMI, SDS

0.61 ± 0.85

0.92 ± 0.87

0.60 ± 0.93

0.69 ± 0.94

Δ BMI, SDS

–

0.32 ± 0.02***

–

0.09 ± 0.01***

Tanner stage, percentage

 II

47.6

-***

63.6

54.5

 III

52.4

71.4***

36.4

45.5

 IV

–

28.6***

–

–

 V

–

–

–

–

Basal LH (IU/L)

0.8 ± 0.6*

1.4 ± 0.6*

0.9 ± 0.7

1.1 ± 0.7

Basal FHS (IU/L)

1.9 ± 1.5

1.5 ± 1.3

1.6 ± 1.4

1.5 ± 1.2

Peak LH at GnRH stimulation (IU/L)

9.6 ± 3.4*

12.5 ± 3.1*

9.0 ± 3.1

11.7 ± 3.3

Basal estradiol (females only)

111.3 ± 15.2**

133.4 ± 18.3**

113.8 ± 13.9

119.1 ± 15.4

Uterine length, cm

4.10 ± 0.49*

4.59 ± 0.47*

4.00 ± 0.35

4.35 ± 0.37

Ovarian volume, cm3

2.94 ± 0.52*

3.43 ± 0.48*

2.86 ± 0.46

3.18 ± 0.46

Electronic device use (h)

1.6 ± 0.9***

3.9 ± 1.5***

–

–

  1. * = p < 0.05; ** P = 0.005; *** = p < 0.0005. BA bone age, CA chronological age, SDS standard deviation score, BMI body mass index, LH luteinizing hormone, FSH follicle-stimulating hormone, GnRH gonadotropin releasing hormone test