Table 4 A summary of the markers with the cut-off values
From: Blood biomarkers differentiating viral versus bacterial pneumonia aetiology: a literature review
| Â | [REF] | Bacterial | Viral | Bacterial and Viral | Specificity | Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRP | [14] | > 72 mg/L |  |  | 84.0% | 75.0% |
[20] | > 7.4 mg/L |  |  | 69.4% | 64.% | |
[20] |  | <5.2 mg/L |  | 64.5% | 75.0% | |
[22] | > 7.98 mg/L |  |  | 53.8% | 63.5% | |
[22] |  | < 7.5 mg/L |  | 46.3% | 88.2% | |
[27] | > 80 mg/L |  |  | 90.0% | 68.1% | |
PCT | [22] | > 0.188 ng/ml |  |  | 65.1% | 67.4% |
[22] |  | < 0.07 ng/ml |  | 81.1% | 48.7% | |
[26] | > 0.2 ng/ml |  |  | 80% | 86%, | |
[20] | ≥13.500(S. pneumoniae) |  |  | 68.6% | 63.8% | |
[20] | ≥10.300 |  |  | 38.9% | 74.0% | |
[20] |  | ≤19.710 |  | 28.0% | 93.7% | |
WBC | [22] | > 12,870 |  |  | 61.3% | 41.6% |
[22] |  | < 1570 |  | 33.1% | 78.4% | |
Neutrophils | [22] | > 61.0% |  |  | 53.8% | 63.5% |
[22] |  | < 60.8% |  | 60.1% | 56.9% | |
Lcn2 | [23] |  | < 200 ng/ml |  |  |  |
[20] | ≥1633 ng/ml (S. pneumoniae) |  |  | 62.7% | 71.2% | |
|  | ≥1633 ng/m l |  |  | 50.0% | 58.1% | |
|  |  | ≥896 ng/ml |  | 28.7% | 87.5% | |
MR-proADM | [22] | > 0.32 nmol/L |  |  | 35.7% | 78.0% |
[22] |  | < 0.31 nmol/L |  | 73.4% | 35.8% | |
MxA1 | [25] |  | > 200 ng/mL |  | 66.7% | 96.4% |
HMGB1(expression) | [29] |  |  | > 1.0256 | 67.9% | 88% |
YKL-40 (BALF) | [16] | 26.45 ± 3.65 ng/ml | 34.87 ± 5.42 ng/ml | 33.63 ± 2.50 ng/ml |  |  |
YKL-40 (serum) | [16] | 18.48 ± 4.63 ng/ml | 19.38 ± 3.34 ng/ml | 19.32 ± 2.87 ng/ml |  |  |
MxA1 + CRP | [25] |  |  | > 200 ng/ml+ > 40 mg/L |  |  |