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Table 3 Primary and secondary outcomes. Data are shown as number (%) or median (interquartile range), mean (standard deviation)

From: Real-time ultrasound for tip location of umbilical venous catheter in neonates: a pre/post intervention study

 

Pre-Intervention Phase

N = 26

Post-Intervention Phase

N = 28

P

Real-time US

4 (15.3)

25 (89.2)

<  0.0001

Chest X-Ray

24 (92.3)

9 (32.1)

<  0.0001

Time to visualize UVC tip (h)

2 [1–3]

0 [0–1]

0.0012

N of manipulations first 24 h

11 (42.3)

5 (17.8)

0.0740

UVC in a good position

8 (30.7)

21 (75.0)

0.0023

Double lumen UVC

21 (80.7)

21 (75.0)

0.7471

Size 3.5–4 Fr

18 (69.2)

16 (57.1)

0.4082

Size 5 Fr

8 (30.8)

12 (42.9)

0.4082

UVC dwell time (days)

4.7 (2.7)

5.4 (2.5)

0.3306

Sepsis

2 (7.7)

0

0.2271

Elective UVC removal

19 (73.1)

24 (85.7)

0.3198

Catheter-related complications

2 (7.7)

0

0.2271

Antibiotic therapy

20 (76.9)

20 (71.4)

0.3187