Table 5 Treatment outcomes in patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
N of patients treated | N of patients treated as 1st-line | Efficacy as 1st-line AED; N (%) | N of patients treated as 2nd-line | Efficacy as 2nd-line; N (%) | N of patients treated as 3rd-line | Efficacy as 3rd-line; N (%) | Overall efficacy | Side-effects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phenobarbital | 76 | 76 | 49 (65%) | / | / | / | / | 65% | None reported |
Lorazepam | 10 | 5 | 2 (20%) | 5 | 2 (20%) | / | 4 (40%) | Liver enzyme elevation in 1 patient | |
Midazolam | 333 | / | / | 226 | 14–50% | 107 | 57.5% | 36% | Hypotension in 39 patients (12%) |
Lidocaine | 317 | / | / | 208 | 94 (45%) | 125 | 91 (73.4%) | 59% | None reported |
Levetiracetam | 76 | 22 | Seizure freedom in 11 (50%) patients after 40 h, in 22 (100%) after 5 days | 54 | 49 (92%) | / | / | 75% | None reported |
Bumetanide | 14 | 14 | 7 (50%) | / | / | / | / | N/A | Ototoxicity |