Table 2 Trends of early initiation of Breastfeeding in Ethiopia by selected characteristics 2005, 2011, and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Characteristics | 2005 N = 9111 | 2011 N = 10,106 | 2016 N = 8564 | The percentage point difference for EIBF | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phase I 2005–2011 | Phase II 2011–2016 | Phase III 2005–2016 | ||||
Age of women at 1st birth | ||||||
  < 20 | 70.06 | 54.64 | 71.95 | −15.42 | 17.31 | 1.89 |
 20–34 | 71.70 | 53.80 | 74.37 | −17.90 | 20.57 | 2.67 |
 35–49 | 75.10 | 44.44 | 90.00 | −30.66 | 45.56 | 14.90 |
Region | ||||||
 Tigray | 51.57 | 53.25 | 61.55 | 5.43 | 8.30 | 9.98 |
 Afar | 89.27 | 57.72 | 41.63 | −32.00 | −16.09 | −47.64 |
 Amhara | 62.53 | 54.33 | 69.18 | −8.20 | 14.85 | 6.65 |
 Oromia | 72.16 | 56.49 | 79.41 | −15.67 | 22.82 | 7.25 |
 Somali | 91.16 | 51.95 | 79.16 | −39.21 | 27.21 | −12.00 |
 Benishangul-Gumuz | 67.62 | 58.15 | 71.75 | −9.47 | 13.60 | 4.13 |
 SNNPR | 70.82 | 51.52 | 79.11 | −19.30 | 27.59 | 8.29 |
 Gambela | 71.56 | 54.04 | 73.74 | −17.52 | 19.70 | 2.18 |
 Harari | 72.35 | 46.37 | 92.62 | −25.98 | 46.25 | 20.27 |
 Addis-Abeba | 63.90 | 59.56 | 69.89 | −4.34 | 10.33 | 5.99 |
 Dirie-Dawa | 90.90 | 57.25 | 89.38 | −33.65 | 32.13 | −1.52 |
Religion | ||||||
 Orthodox | 63.91 | 55.04 | 68.52 | −8.87 | 13.48 | 4.61 |
 Protestant | 76.78 | 52.63 | 83.33 | −24.15 | 30.70 | 6.55 |
 Muslim | 72.50 | 54.41 | 76.47 | −18.09 | 22.06 | 3.97 |
 Catholic | 76.96 | 54.08 | 73.67 | −22.88 | 19.59 | −3.29 |
Husband/partner educational status | ||||||
 None | 72.91 | 52.88 | 70.18 | −20.03 | 17.30 | − 2.73 |
 Primary | 67.66 | 57.16 | 74.84 | −10.50 | 17.68 | 7.18 |
 Secondary+ | 66.77 | 52.76 | 75.40 | −14.01 | 22.64 | 8.63 |
Women educational status | ||||||
 None | 72.40 | 53.50 | 71.57 | −18.90 | 18.08 | −0.83 |
 Primary | 64.64 | 57.10 | 73.51 | −7.54 | 16.41 | 8.87 |
 Secondary+ | 64.84 | 53.49 | 76.26 | −11.35 | 22.77 | 11.42 |
Household Wealth quantile | ||||||
 Poor | 73.73 | 53.24 | 68.15 | −20.49 | 14.95 | −5.58 |
 Middle | 69.13 | 57.33 | 76.36 | −11.80 | 19.03 | 7.23 |
 Rich | 67.64 | 55.14 | 77.78 | −12.50 | 22.77 | 10.14 |
Residence | ||||||
 Rural | 68.30 | 54.20 | 78.43 | −14.10 | 24.23 | 10.13 |
 Urban | 70.91 | 55.38 | 71.26 | −15.53 | 15.88 | 0.35 |
Place of Delivery | ||||||
 Home | 71.52 | 54.47 | 70.01 | −17.05 | 15.54 | −1.52 |
 H institution | 63.21 | 54.21 | 78.91 | −9.00 | 24.70 | 15.70 |
Birth order | ||||||
 1 | 65.63 | 53.78 | 68.25 | −11.85 | 14.47 | 2.62 |
 2–3 | 71.10 | 55.23 | 75.73 | −15.87 | 20.50 | 4.63 |
 4–5 | 71.13 | 54.20 | 72.98 | −16.93 | 18.78 | 1.85 |
 6+ | 72.44 | 54.05 | 71.95 | −18.39 | 17.90 | −0.49 |
Trimester of ANC visit | ||||||
 1st trimester | 63.52 | 57.78 | 73.77 | −5.74 | 10.25 | 10.52 |
 2nd trimester | 60.98 | 55.02 | 73.56 | −5.96 | 12.58 | 12.58 |
 3rd trimester | 66.10 | 52.10 | 68.15 | −14.00 | 16.05 | 2.05 |
Media exposure | ||||||
 Exposed | 71.44 | 55.18 | 73.91 | −16.26 | 18.73 | 2.47 |
 Non-exposed | 69.93 | 54.03 | 72.01 | −15.90 | 17.98 | 2.08 |
Parity | ||||||
 1 | 69.09 | 53.16 | 68.25 | − 15.93 | 15.09 | −0.84 |
 2–3 | 71.38 | 55.18 | 75.73 | −16.20 | 20.58 | 4.35 |
 4–5 | 70.00 | 54.70 | 72.98 | −15.30 | 18.28 | 2.98 |
 6+ | 70.56 | 53.86 | 71.95 | −16.70 | 18.09 | 1.39 |
ANC Visit | ||||||
 Yes | 62.65 | 54.63 | 73.49 | −8.02 | 18.86 | 10.84 |
 No | 74.23 | 53.67 | 71.17 | −20.56 | 17.54 | −3.06 |
Delivery Type | ||||||
 Vaginal | 71.27 | 54.52 | 73.39 | −16.27 | 18.87 | 2.12 |
 CS | 41.27 | 49.62 | 50.29 | 8.35 | 0.67 | 9.02 |
Family size | ||||||
  < 5 | 69.18 | 54.75 | 72.66 | −14.43 | 17.91 | 3.48 |
  ≥ 5 | 73.62 | 53.76 | 72.66 | −19.86 | 18.90 | −0.96 |
Birth Interval | ||||||
  < 24 months | 74.83 | 56.22 | 73.35 | −18.61 | 17.13 | −1.48 |
  ≥ 24 months | 69.62 | 53.84 | 72.50 | −15.78 | 18.66 | 2.88 |