From: Macronutrient balance and micronutrient amounts through growth and development
Signs of deficiency | Infants | Children and adolescents | |
---|---|---|---|
Vitamin A | night blindness | 150–300 μg/Kg/die | 150 μg/die |
Vitamin D | ricket | 400 IU/die | 400–600 IU/die |
Vitamin E | cholestasis, liver damage | 2,8–3,5 mg/die | 11 mg/die |
Vitamin K | bleeding | 10 μg/Kg/die | 200 μg/die |
Vitamin C | mucosal bleeding, scurvy | 10–25 mg/Kg/die | 80 mg/die |
Thiamine B1 | Beri-beri, lactic acidosis, Wernicke’s encephalopathy | 0,35–0,5 mg/Kg/die | 1,2 mg/die |
Riboflavin | mucosal hyperemia, stomatitis, dermatitis, anemia, eye disorders | 0,15–0,2 mg/Kg/die | 1,4 mg/die |
Pyridoxine B6 | dermatitis, seizures, hyperhomocysteinemia, anemia, depression, encephalopathy | 0,15–0,2 mg/Kg/die | 1 mg/Kg/die |
Niacin | Pellagra (skin, intestinal and neurological problems) | 4–6.8 mg/Kg/die | 17 mg/die |
Vitamin B12 | megaloblastic anemia, neurological disorders | 0,3 μg/Kg/die | 1 μg/die |
Biotin B8 | lethargy, hypotonia, irritability, alopecia, dermatitis, anorexia, pallor, glossitis, nausea, hyperesthesia, muscle pain, hypercholesterolemia | 5–8 μg/Kg/die | 20 μg/die |
Folic acid | hyperhomocysteinemia, megaloblastic anemia | 56 μg/Kg/die | 140 μg/die |
Iron | anemia | 50–100 μg/Kg/die | 50–100 μg/Kg/die |
Zinc | stunted growth, infections, typical skin rash | 100–250 μg/Kg/die | 50 μg/Kg/die |
Iodine | impaired thyroid function | 1 μg/Kg/die | 1 μg/Kg/die |
Selenium | erythrocyte macrocytosis, depigmentation, muscle weakness | 2–3 μg/Kg/die | 2–3 μg/Kg/die |