Skip to main content

Table 5 Multilevel logistic regression analysis of both individual and community level factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding among infants under 6 months of age in Ethiopia, 2016 (N = 1185)

From: Individual level and community level factors affecting exclusive breast feeding among infants under-six months in Ethiopia using multilevel analysis

Variables

Categories

Model one

Model two

AOR (95%CI)

Model three

AOR (95%CI)

Model four

AOR (95%CI)

Age of infant

0–1 month

 

1

 

1

2–3 months

 

0.34 (0.21,0.56)***

 

0.39 (0.23, 0.65) ***

4–5 months

 

0.05 (0.02,0.08)***

 

0.042(.02, 0.07) ***

Sex of infant

Male

 

1

 

1

Female

 

2.43 (1.61,3.65) ***

 

2.51 (1.61, 3.91) ***

Birth interval

No previous birth

 

1

 

1

< 24 months

 

4.27 (1.36, 13.39)*

 

3.44 (0 1.19, 9.92)

> = 24 months

 

2.73 (1.00, 7.41)

 

1.84 (0.74, 4.54)

Birth order

First

 

1

 

1

2–3

 

2.71 (0.99, 7.34)

 

1.821 (0.15, 2.86)

4+

 

3.32 (0.93,11.87)

 

1.46 (0.97, 2.18)

Infant comorbidities

No

 

1

 

1

Yes

 

0.34 (0.19, 0.56)***

 

0.35 (0 .21, 0.57)***

Time of BF initiation

Immediately after birth

 

1

 

1

Within hours

 

1.05 (0.63, 1.76)

 

1.96 (0 .68, 5.65)

Within days

 

0.57 (0.19, 1.71)

 

2.02 (0 .66, 6.15)

Birth weight

Low

 

1

 

1

Normal

 

4.40 (0.67,28.74)

 

2.91 (0.49, 17.20)

Macrosomia

 

2.72 (0.23, 31.39)

 

2.28 (0.21, 24.30)

Didn’t weighted

 

2.64 (0.39, 17.77)

 

1.86 (0.30, 11.49)

Don’t know

 

2.05 (0.30, 13.95)

 

1.67 (0 .271, 10.360)

Marital status

Not in union

 

1

 

1

Currently in union

 

2.36 (0.93, 6.04)

 

1.98 (0.75, 5.21)

Maternal education

No formal education

 

1

 

1

Primary

 

1.18 (0.64, 2.17)

 

1.50 (0.84, 2.70)

> = Secondary

 

0.50 (0.15,1.66)

 

0.90 (0.30, 2.69)

Maternal occupation

Currently not working

 

1

 

1

Currently Working

 

0.58 (0.32,1.02)

 

0.65 (0 .37, 1.12)

Number of household members

< 5

 

1

 

1

5–6

 

2.20 (1.11,4.36)

 

0.84 (0 .36, 1.97)

7–8

 

0.61 (0.26,1.42)

 

1.27 (0.623, 2.60)

> = 9

 

1.16 (0.427,3.16)

 

0.48 (0.23, 0.96)

Number of under five children

0–1

 

1

 

1

2

 

1.052 (0.49,2.22)

 

1.65 (0.72, 3.82)

> = 3

 

0.876 (0.36,2.09)

 

1.52 (0 .86, 2.69)

Wealth index

Poorest

 

1

 

1

Poorer

 

1.99 (1.01, 3.93)*

 

1.72 (0.90, 3.31)

Middle

 

1.33 (0.58, 3.05)

 

1.37 (0 .61, 3.07)

Richer

 

0 .90 (0.34,2.36)

 

0.94 (0.37, 2.39)

Richest

 

15.79 (4.2, 59.39)***

 

10.34 (3.14, 34.03)***

Parity

Nuliparous

 

1

 

1

Multiparous

 

1.61 (1.11, 2.33)*

 

2.21 (0.95, 5.11)

ANC visit

No

 

1

 

1

Yes

 

2.75 (1.53, 4.94)**

 

2.25 (1.32, 3.82)**

Caesarian delivery

No

 

1

 

1

Yes

 

0.53 (0.14, 2.04)

 

0.47 (0 .128, 1.73)

PNC visit in 2 months

No

 

1

 

1

Yes

 

0.10 (0.03, 0.30) *

 

0.15 (0 .054, 1 .45)

Residence

Urban

  

1

1

Rural

  

0.85 (0.36, 2.027)

3.414 (0 .82, 14.109)

Contextual region

Agrarian

  

1

1

Pastoralist

  

0.38 (0.17, 0.85)*

0.30 (0 .10, 0.86)*

City based

  

0.99 (0.32 3.00)

0.56 (0 .12, 2.52)

Community ANC utilization

Low

  

1

1

Moderate

  

0.97 (0.51, 1.87)

1.07 (0 .56, 2.02)

High

  

1.09 (0.46, 2.56)

1.30 (0 .62, 2.71)

Community PNC utilization

Low

  

1

1

High

  

1.42 (0.34, 5.97)

2.77 (1.26, 6.58)*

Community poverty level

High

  

1

1

Moderate

  

0.79 (0.39, 1.60)

0.97 (0.33, 2.84)

Low

  

0.83 (0.42,1.62)

0.99 (0.31, 3.10)

Community media utilization

Low

  

1

1

Moderate

  

0.83 (0.45, 1.53)

0.86 (0 .351, 2.13)

High

  

0.60 (0.26, 1.42)

0.84 (0.23, 3.02)

Community women education

Low

  

1

 

Moderate

  

1.16 (0.63, 2.14)

1.13 (0 .454, 2.83)

High

  

0.52 (0.22,1.21)

0.53 (0.13, 2.06)

Community employment status

Low

  

1

1

High

  

1.536 (0.91, 2.59)

2.81 (1.207, 6.47)*

  1. Model one: empty model, CI Confidence interval, AOR adjusted odds ratio, 1: Reference category *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001