Table 3 Characteristics of Group “ED”, cases accessing PPCc at Emergency Department
Age Category | Infant (n.95, 8.8%) | Pre-School (n.773, 71.9%) | School (n.99, 9.2%) | Adolescent (n.108, 10.0%) | Total | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.045 | |||||
Male | 56 (58.9) | 423 (54.7) | 61 (61.6) | 47 (43.5) | 587 (54.6) | |
Female | 39 (41.1) | 350 (45.3) | 38 (38.4) | 61 (56.5) | 488 (45.4) | |
Time of exposure | < 0.001 | |||||
Morning | 19 (20.0) | 148 (19.1) | 19 (19.2) | 9 (8.3) | 195 (18.1) | |
Afternoon | 26 (27.4) | 284 (36.7) | 33 (33.3) | 41 (38.0) | 384 (35.7) | |
Evening | 43 (45.3) | 325 (42.0) | 41 (41.4) | 45 (41.7) | 454 (42.2) | |
Night | 7 (7.4) | 16 (2.1) | 6 (6.1) | 13 (12.0) | 42 (3.9) | |
Location of poison exposure | < 0.001 | |||||
Home | 92 (96.8) | 743 (96.1) | 80 (80.8) | 74 (68.5) | 989 (92.0) | |
Outside | 3 (3.2) | 30 (3.9) | 19 (19.2) | 34 (31.5) | 86 (8.0) | |
Reasons for poison exposure | < 0.001 | |||||
Accidental exposure | 95 (100.0) | 773 (100.0) | 94 (95.0) | 30 (27.8) | 992 (92.3) | |
General accidental exposure | 79 (83.2) | 741 (95.9) | 87 (87.9) | 29 (26.9) | 936 (87.1) | |
Medication error | 16 (16.8) | 30 (3.9) | 6 (6.1) | 1 (0.9) | 53 (4.9) | |
Abuse | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.3) | |
Intentional exposure | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (5.0) | 78 (72.3) | 83 (7.7) | |
Abuse substance | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 41 (38.0) | 42 (3.9) | |
Suicide attempt | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (4.0) | 37 (34.3) | 41 (3.8) | |
Categories of exposure | ||||||
Pharmaceutical | 36 (37.9) | 239 (30.9) | 25 (25.3) | 40 (37.0) | 340 (31.6) | < 0.001 |
Neuroactive | 2 (2.1) | 43 (5.6) | 8 (8.1) | 21 (19.4) | 74 (6.9) | |
Analgesic | 8 (8.4) | 42 (5.4) | 6 (6.1) | 12 (11.1) | 68 (6.3) | |
Cardioactive | 5 (5.3) | 47 (6.1) | 2 (2.0) | 3 (2.8) | 57 (5.3) | |
Hormones | 4 (4.2) | 33 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 37 (3.4) | |
Antistaminic | 2 (2.1) | 16 (2.1) | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 20 (1.9) | |
Respiratory | 3 (3.2) | 13 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 17 (1.6) | |
Antibiotic | 4 (4.2) | 9 (1.2) | 2 (2.0) | 1 (0.9) | 16 (1.5) | |
Topic | 5 (5.3) | 10 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (1.4) | |
Other | 1 (1.1) | 8 (1.0) | 3 (3.0) | 2 (1.9) | 14 (1.3) | |
Supplements | 1 (1.1) | 9 (1.2) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0,0) | 11 (1.0) | |
Gastrointestinal | 1 (1.1) | 4 (0.5) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (0.6) | |
Homeopathic | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.5) | |
Non Pharmaceutical | 59 (62.1) | 534 (69.1) | 74 (74.7) | 68 (63.0) | 735 (68.4) | < 0.001 |
Domestic product | 12 (12.6) | 173 (22.4) | 18 (18.2) | 5 (4.6) | 208 (19.3) | |
Industrial product | 17 (17.9) | 138 (17.9) | 23 (23.2) | 4 (3.7) | 182 (16.9) | |
Caustic | 4 (4.2) | 118 (15.3) | 11 (11.1) | 9 (8.3) | 142 (13.2) | |
Abuse Substance | 4 (4.2) | 13 (1.7) | 1 (1.0) | 41 (38.0) | 59 (5.5) | |
Other | 9 (9.5) | 18 (2.3) | 13 (13.1) | 4 (3.7) | 44 (4.1) | |
Plant | 4 (4.2) | 27 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 31 (2.9) | |
Cosmetic | 2 (2.1) | 26 (3.4) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (0.9) | 30 (2.8) | |
Food | 4 (4.2) | 10 (1.3) | 5 (5.1) | 4 (3.7) | 23 (2.1) | |
Pesticide | 3 (3.2) | 11 (1.4) | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (1.5) | |
Route of exposition | < 0.001 | |||||
Ingestion | 77 (81.1) | 707 (91.5) | 79 (79.8) | 92 (85.2) | 955 (88.8) | |
Cutaneous | 3 (3.2) | 27 (3.5) | 8 (8.1) | 2 (1.9) | 40 (3.7) | |
Inhalation | 6 (6.3) | 3 (0.4) | 6 (6.1) | 14 (13.0) | 29 (2.7) | |
Mucosal contact | 6 (6.39 | 19 (2.5) | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 27 (2.5) | |
Ocular | 0 (0.0) | 12 (1.6) | 4 (4.09 | 0 (0.0) | 16 (1.5) | |
Other | 3 (3.2) | 4 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (0.7) | |
Injection | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | |
Clinical presentation | < 0.001 | |||||
Asymptomatic | 80 (84.2) | 584 (75.6) | 55 (55.6) | 33 (31.6) | 752 (70.0) | |
Symptomatic | 15 (15.8) | 189 (24.4) | 44 (44.4) | 75 (69.4) | 323 (30.0) | |
Gastrointestinal | 8 (53.3) | 130 (68.8) | 23 (52.3) | 18 (24.0) | 179 (55.4) | |
Neurologic | 5 (33.3) | 23 (12.2) | 5 (11.4) | 44 (58.7) | 77 (23.8) | |
Dermatological | 1 (6.7) | 24 (12.7) | 12 (27.3) | 3 (4.0) | 40 (12.4) | |
Multiple | 1 (6.7) | 3 (1.6) | 1 (2.3) | 4 (5.3) | 9 (2.8) | |
Respiratory | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.6) | 3 (6.8) | 3 (4.0) | 9 (2.8) | |
Others | 0 (0.0) | 6 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.09 | 9 (2.8) | |
Hospital admission | < 0.001 | |||||
No | 53 (55.8) | 433 (56.0) | 49 (49.5) | 29 (26.9) | 564 (52.5) | |
Yes | 42 (44.2) | 340 (44.0) | 50 (50.5) | 79 (73.1) | 511 (47.5) | |
Decontamination | < 0.001 | |||||
None | 83 (87.4) | 632 (81.8) | 84 (84.8) | 81 (75.0) | 880 (81.9) | |
Charcoal | 9 (9.5) | 106 (13.7) | 9 (9.1) | 17 (15.7) | 141 (13.1) | |
Gastric lavage & charcoal | 1 (1.1) | 17 (2.2) | 1 (1.0) | 6 (5.6) | 25 (2.3) | |
Ocular irrigation | 0 (0.0) | 14 (1.8) | 4 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (1.7) | |
Topic wash | 1 (1.1) | 3 (0.4) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.5) | |
Gastric lavage | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.7) | 5 (0.5) | |
Intestinal irrigation | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | |