Characteristics | Categories | Case N (%) | Control N (%) | Total N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gravidity | Primigravida | 20(19) | 78(24.9) | 98(23.4) |
Multigravida | 85(81) | 235(75.1) | 320(76.6) | |
Birth order | First | 20(19) | 78(24.9) | 98(23.4) |
Second | 44(41.9) | 163(52.1) | 207(49.5) | |
Third | 27(25.7) | 41(13.1) | 68(16.3) | |
Above third | 14(13.3) | 31(9.9) | 45(10.8) | |
Gestational age at birth | < 28 weeks | 3(2.9) | 9(2.9) | 12(2.9) |
28–37 | 43(41) | 72(23) | 115(27.5) | |
> 37 weeks | 59(56.2) | 232(74.1) | 291(69.6) | |
Stillbirth | Yes | 12(11.4) | 16(5.1) | 28(6.7) |
No | 93(88.6) | 297(94.9) | 390(93.3) | |
Abortion | Yes | 6(5.7) | 17(5.4) | 23(5.5) |
No | 99(94.3) | 296(94.6) | 395(94.5) | |
Family history of congenital anomalies | Yes | 17(16.2) | 55(17.6) | 72(17.2) |
No | 88(83.8) | 258(82.4) | 346(82.8) | |
Previous history of child with congenital anomalies | Yes | 17(16.2) | 48(15.3) | 65(15.6) |
No | 88(83.8) | 265(84.7) | 353(84.4) | |
Sex of newborn | Male | 42(40) | 192(61.3) | 234(56) |
Female | 63(60) | 121(38.7) | 184(44) | |
ANC follow-up | Yes | 49(46.7) | 146(46.6) | 195(46.7) |
No | 56(53.3) | 167(53.4) | 223(53.3) | |
Folic acid supplementation | Yes | 43(41) | 172(55) | 215(51.4) |
No | 62(59) | 141(45) | 203(46.8) | |
Contraceptive use | Yes | 62(59) | 140(44.7) | 202(48.3) |
No | 43(41) | 173(55.3) | 216(51.7) |