|
Characteristics
|
Congenital anomaly
|
COR (95% CI)
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
|---|
| |
Case
|
Control
| | |
|---|
|
N (%)
|
N (%)
|
|---|
|
Consanguinity
|
|
Yes
|
61(58.1)
|
62(19.9)
|
5.59(3.47, 9.01)
|
1.74 (0.78,3.86)
|
|
No
|
44(41.9)
|
256(80.1)
|
1
|
1
|
|
Drink alcohol
|
|
Yes
|
67(63.8)
|
57(18.2)
|
7.92(4.89,12.94)
|
3.48(1.38,8.74)*
|
|
No
|
38(36.2)
|
256(81.1)
|
1
|
1
|
|
Smoking
|
|
Yes
|
58(55.2)
|
52(16.6)
|
0.16(0.1,0.26)
|
1.47(0.58,3.76)
|
|
No
|
47(44.8)
|
261(83.4)
|
1
|
1
|
|
Maternal illness
|
|
Yes
|
41(39)
|
64(20.4)
|
2.5(1.54, 4.02)
|
6.10(2.39,15.57)*
|
|
No
|
64(61)
|
249(79.6)
|
1
|
1
|
|
Unidentified drug use
|
|
Yes
|
50(47.6)
|
60(19.2)
|
3.8(2.38,6.17)
|
0.43(0.16,1.2)
|
|
No
|
55(52.4)
|
253(80.8)
|
1
|
1
|
|
Chewing khat
|
|
Yes
|
69(65.7)
|
61(19.5)
|
7.92(4.85,12.93)
|
4(1.49,10.65)*
|
|
No
|
36(34.3)
|
252(80.5)
|
1
|
1
|
|
Chemical exposure
|
|
Yes
|
70(66.7)
|
67(21.4)
|
7.34(4.51,11.96)
|
4.76(1.57,14.47)*
|
|
No
|
35(33.3)
|
246(78.6)
|
1
|
1
|
|
Herbal exposure
|
|
Yes
|
49(46.7)
|
60(19.2)
|
3.7(2.3,5.94)
|
0.91(0.4,2.07)
|
|
No
|
56(53.3)
|
253(80.8)
|
1
|
1
|
|
Lack of folic acid use
|
|
Yes
|
43(41)
|
172(55)
|
1.8(1.12,2.8)
|
3.25(1.6,6.61)*
|
|
No
|
62(59)
|
141(45)
|
1
|
1
|
|
Contraceptive use
|
|
Yes
|
62(59)
|
140(44.7)
|
1.8(1.14,2.8)
|
1.16(0.51,2.65)
|
|
No
|
43(41)
|
173(55.3)
|
1
|
1
|
- Key: * statistically significant at P-value ≤0.05 in multivariable logistic regression analysis
