Determinants | Cases | Controls | CoR | p-value | AoR | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 146) | (n = 292) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | |||
Mother anaemia status in pregnancy | ||||||
Anaemic (Hb < 11.0 g/dl) | 82 | 64 | 4.56 (2.90–7.16) | < 0.001* | 3.88 (1.90–7.90) | < 0.001* |
Not anaemic (Hb ≥ 11.0 g/dl) | 64 | 228 | 1 | 1 | ||
Birth spacing | ||||||
< 2 years | 24 | 29 | 2.26 (1.15–4.39) | 0.008* | 2.53 (1.11–5.73) | 0.026* |
≥ 2 years | 58 | 159 | 1 | 1 | ||
Hypertension | ||||||
Hypertensive | 47 | 28 | 4.47 (2.57–7.83) | < 0.001* | 1.45 (0.63–3.36) | 0.387 |
Not hypertensive | 99 | 264 | 1 | 1 | ||
HIV | ||||||
Positive | 11 | 7 | 3.31 (1.14–10.29) | 0.010* | 4.01 (0.92–17.32) | 0.063 |
Negative | 135 | 285 | 1 | 1 | ||
Syphilis | ||||||
Positive | 31 | 19 | 3.87 (2.01–7.55) | < 0.001* | 1.65 (0.55–4.92) | 0.368 |
Negative | 115 | 273 | 1 | 1 | ||
Malaria | ||||||
Positive | 106 | 137 | 2.99 (1.91–4.73) | < 0.001* | 1.80 (0.88–3.65) | 0.103 |
Negative | 40 | 155 | 1 | 1 | ||
Iron & folic acid used | ||||||
< 3 months | 34 | 23 | 3.55 (1.92–6.60) | < 0.001* | 1.04 (0.39–2.77) | 0.933 |
≥ 3 months | 112 | 269 | 1 | 1 | ||
Smoking | ||||||
Smokes | 52 | 29 | 5.01 (2.92–8.67) | < 0.001* | 4.36 (1.94–9.80) | < 0.001* |
Does not smoke | 94 | 263 | 1 | 1 | ||
Living with partner that smoked | ||||||
Partner smokes | 68 | 80 | 2.31 (1.49–3.56) | < 0.001* | 0.91 (0.45–1.84) | 0.798 |
Partner does not smoke | 78 | 212 | 1 | 1 | ||
Take herbal medicine | ||||||
Takes | 80 | 78 | 3.32 (2.14–5.15) | < 0.001* | 1.92 (0.99–3.72) | 0.051 |
Does not take | 66 | 214 | 1 | 1 |