Table 4 Neurodevelopmental outcomes, perinatal and socio-demographic characteristics of planned and unplanned infants (means, p-values)
Mean subscale scores | p-values (test statistics) | |||
Planned (n = 149) | Unplanned (n = 17) | Mann–Whitney test p-value (U) | t-test p-value (t) | |
Neurodevelopmental outcomes | ||||
Cognitive Subscale | 16.95 | 16.17 | 0.027 (861.5)* | 0.036 (2.109)* |
Receptive Language Subscale | 11.63 | 10.17 | 0.001 (629.5)* | 0.000 (3.623)* |
Expressive Language Subscale | 10.93 | 10.05 | 0.015 (816.5)* | 0.069 (1.830) |
Fine Motor Subscale | 12.46 | 12.05 | 0.269 (1063.5) | 0.312 (1.014) |
Gross Motor Subscale | 15.46 | 14.52 | 0.089 (956.5) | 0.044 (2.029)* |
Perinatal and socio-demographic characteristics | p-values of t-tests or χ^2 tests | |||
Perinatal data | ||||
Gestational age (weeks), n (%) | 0.892 | |||
very early (< 28 weeks) | 18 (12.08) | 2 (11.76) | ||
early (28–31 weeks) | 24 (16.10) | 4 (23.52) | ||
moderate (32–33 weeks) | 37 (24.83) | 4 (23.52) | ||
late (34–36 weeks) | 70 (46.97) | 7 (41.17) | ||
Birth weight (g), n (%) | 0.324 | |||
LBW (1500–2499 g) | 96 (64.42) | 8 (47.05) | ||
VLBW (1000–1499 g) | 31 (20.80) | 6 (35.29) | ||
ELBW (< 1000 g) | 22 (14.76) | 3 (17.64) | ||
Mode of delivery, n (%) | 0.497 | |||
Sectio caesarea | 102 (68.45) | 13 (76.47) | ||
Per vias naturales | 47 (31.54) | 4 (23.52) | ||
Apgar scores, M ± SD | ||||
1 min | 7.68 ± 1.55 | 7.26 ± 2.18 | 0.340 | |
5 min | 8.78 ± 1.11 | 8.73 ± 0.96 | 0.869 | |
10 min | 9.25 ± 0.74 | 9.2 ± 0.63 | 0.839 | |
Intensive care | – | |||
NICU-admission, n (%) | 125 (83.89) | 15 (88.23) | ||
Sub-intensive care, n (% | 16 (10.73) | 1 (5.88) | ||
Chronic neonatal morbidities, n (%) | ||||
BPD | 12 (8.05) | 0 | – | |
ROP | 5 (3.35) | 1 (5.88) | – | |
IVH | 5 (3.35) | 0 | – | |
NEC | 1 (0.67) | 0 | – | |
PDA | 11 (7.38) | 1 (5.88) | – | |
ASD | 0 | 2 (11.76) | – | |
VSD | 1 (0.67) | 1 (5.88) | – | |
Socio-demographic data | ||||
Maternal age at childbirth (years), M ± SD | 31.34 ± 5.71 | 26.94 ± 7.80 | 0.037* | |
Maternal education, n (%) | 0.159 | |||
Primary | 17 (11.40) | 5 (29.41) | ||
Secondary technical education | 21 (14.09) | 4 (23.52) | ||
Secondary vocational education | 23 (15.43) | 3 (17.64) | ||
Secondary grammar education | 17 (11.40) | 2 (11.76) | ||
College | 37 (24.83) | 1 (5.88) | ||
University | 32 (21.47) | 1 (5.88) | ||
Marital status, n (%) | 0.000* | |||
Single | 3 (2.01) | 4 (23.52) | ||
Married | 101 (67.78) | 4 (23.52) | ||
Cohabiting | 33 (22.14) | 6 (35.29) | ||
In a relationship | 9 (6.04) | 2 (11.76) | ||
Social status, n (%) | – | |||
Above-average | 67 (44.96) | 1 (5.88) | ||
Average | 63 (42.28) | 11 (64.70) | ||
Below-average | 16 (10.73) | 1 (5.88) | ||