Table 1 Characteristics of the selected pediatric studies
Study, country | Age range | Study design | Time frame | No. of subjects | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lanzi G. et al., 1994 [12] Italy | 12.5 to 24.2 years. old | Prospective study | Not specified | 47 | Vertigo is a rare symptom in patients with juvenile migraine |
Salman MS. et al., 2017 [13] Canada | 6 to 32.75 years old | Retrospective study | 1991 to 2008 | 185 | Vertigo/dizziness are often associated with chronic ataxia. Genetic, metabolic and inflammatory disorders should be considered in these patients |
Langhagen T. et al., 2013 [14] Germany | 1.4 to 18 years old | Retrospective study | November 2009 to April 2012 | 168 | Migraine-related vertigo is the most common cause of vertigo and dizziness in children and adolescents |
Ramantani G. et al., 2009 [15] Germany | 9 years old | Case report | Not specified | 1 | Episodes of vertigo can be rarely associated with tuberous sclerosis |
Caldarelli M. et al., 2007 [16] Italy | 2 months to 16 years | Retrospective study | January 1993 to August 2005 | 30 | Vertigo is a complaint presenting in 30% of pediatric patients with symptomatic Chiari malformation Type I |
Kalashnikova LA. et al., 2005 [17] Russia | 7 to 72 years | Retrospective study | Not specified | 25 | A sudden onset of vertigo can be a clinical manifestation of cerebellar infarcts |
Bucci MP. et al., 2004 [18] France | 6 to 15 years old | Prospective study | Not specified | 12 | Vertigo in children with normal vestibular function can be associated with abnormal vergence latency |
Russell G. et al., 2009 [19] Scotland | School age | Epidemiological study | Not specified | 2165 | Paroxysmal vertigo is common in childhood and it appears to cause few major problems to the affected children |
D’Agostino R. et al., 1997 [1] Italy | 4 to 14 years old | Retrospective study | 1985 to 1989 | 282 | Vertigo as isolated symptom is the most frequent clinical presentation in childhood. Paroxysmal benign vertigo is the second most frequent cause of vertigo |
Raucci U. et al., 2015 [7] Italy | 3 to 18 years old | Retrospective study | January 2009 to December 2013 | 616 | Vertigo is most frequently related to benign conditions such as migraine and syncope. Early recognition of associated signs or symptoms is mandatory to identify need for further investigations |
Lehnen N. et al., 2015 [20] Germany | 8 to 12 years old | Case report | 10-year period | 3 | Vestibular paroxysmia should be considered in children with short, frequent vertiginous episodes |
Mugundhan K. et al., 2011 [21] India | 13 to 65 years old | Case report | Not specified | 5 | The presence of recurrent episodes of vertigo is typical in familial episodic ataxia type II. Cerebellar function tests can be completely normal between the attacks |