Table 5 Frequency distribution of anthropometric indices according to characteristics of children under study
Variables | Categories | WHZ n(%) | WAZ Underweight n(%) | HAZ Stunting n(%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wasting | Normal | Overweight | Yes | No | Yes | No | ||
Age range | 0–12 | 12(9.2) | 114(87.7) | 4(3.1) | 8(6.2) | 122(93.8) | 7(5.4) | 123(94.6) |
13–24 | 4(3.6) | 93(83.0) | 15(13.4) | 4(3.6) | 108(96.4) | 10(8.9) | 102(91.9) | |
25–36 | 1(1.9) | 45(84.9) | 7(13.2) | 1(1.9) | 52(98.1) | 6(11.3) | 47(88.7) | |
> 36 | 5(6.8) | 60(82.2) | 8(11.0) | 3(4.1) | 70(95.9) | 6(8.2) | 67(91.8) | |
p | 0.018b | 0.654 b | 0.499 b | |||||
Gender | Male | 16(8.2) | 165(85.1) | 13(6.7) | 12(6.2) | 182(93.8) | 14(7.2) | 180(92.8) |
Female | 6(3.4) | 147(84.5) | 21(12.1) | 4(2.3) | 170(97.7) | 15(8.6) | 159(91.4) | |
p | 0.041a | 0.048a | 0.618a | |||||
Birth order | First | 17(8.8) | 154(80.2) | 21(11.0) | 11(5.7) | 181(94.3) | 16(8.3) | 176(91.7) |
Second | 5(3.6) | 125(89.3) | 10(7.1) | 5(3.6) | 135(96.4) | 10(7.2) | 130(92.8) | |
Third | 0(0.0) | 30(93.8) | 2(6.2) | 0(0.0) | 32(100.0) | 3(9.4) | 29(90.6) | |
Fourth | 0(0.0) | 4(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 4(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 4(100.0) | |
p | 0.204b | 0.418b | 0.883b | |||||
Interval from previous birth (month) | First birth | 18(9.4) | 155(80.7) | 19(9.9) | 12(6.2) | 180(93.8) | 14(7.3) | 178(92.7) |
< 24 | 0(0.0) | 17(89.5) | 2(10.5) | 0(0.0) | 19(100.0) | 3(15.8) | 16(84.2) | |
24–35 | 0(0.0) | 29(87.9) | 4(12.1) | 1(3.0) | 32(97.0) | 4(12.1) | 29(87.9) | |
≥ 36 | 4(3.2) | 111(89.5) | 9(7.3) | 3(2.4) | 121(97.6) | 8(6.5) | 116(93.5) | |
p | 0.140b | 0.367b | 0.312b | |||||
Type of milk consumed in the first 12 months of life | Breast milk | 9(4.0) | 197(86.8) | 21(9.3) | 8(3.5) | 219(96.5) | 16(7.0) | 211(93.0) |
Powdered milk | 8(11.4) | 55(78.6) | 7(10.0) | 5(7.1) | 65(92.9) | 7(10.0) | 63(90.0) | |
Combination | 5(7.0) | 60(84.5) | 6(8.5) | 3(4.2) | 68(95.8) | 6(8.5) | 65(91.5) | |
p | 0.222b | 0.365b | 0.626b | |||||
Currently consumes breast milk | Yes | 6(3.8) | 138(87.9) | 13(8.3) | 6(3.8) | 151(96.2) | 12(7.6) | 145(92.4) |
No | 16(7.6) | 174(82.5) | 21(10.0) | 10(4.7) | 201(95.3) | 17(8.1) | 194(91.9) | |
p | 0.257a | 0.669a | 0.884a | |||||
Currently consumes powdered milk | Yes | 12(16.0) | 61(81.3) | 2(2.7) | 7(9.3) | 68(90.7) | 4(5.3) | 71(94.7) |
No | 10(3.4) | 251(85.7) | 32(10.9) | 9(3.1) | 284(96.9) | 25(8.5) | 268(91.5) | |
p | < 0.001a | 0.018a | 0.359a | |||||
Currently consumes cow milk | Yes | 10(6.2) | 130(81.2) | 20(12.5) | 5(3.1) | 155(96.9) | 16(10.0) | 144(90.0) |
No | 12(5.8) | 182(87.5) | 14(6.7) | 11(5.3) | 197(94.7) | 13(6.2) | 195(93.8) | |
p | 0.156a | 0.313a | 0.186a | |||||
Exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6-months of life | 6 months are not over | 2(4.2) | 42(87.5) | 4(8.3) | 2(4.2) | 46(95.8) | 2(4.2) | 46(95.8) |
Yes | 11(5.4) | 176(86.7) | 16(7.9) | 6(2.9) | 197(97.1) | 13(6.4) | 190(93.6) | |
No | 11(9.4) | 90(76.9) | 16(13.7) | 8(6.8) | 109(93.2) | 15(12.8) | 102(87.2) | |
p | 0.240a | 0.249b | 0.157a | |||||
Start receiving complementary foods (month) | Not started | 7(12.7) | 48(87.3) | 0(0.0) | 7(12.7) | 48(87.3) | 4(7.3) | 51(92.7) |
< 4 | 1(5.9) | 16(94.1) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 17(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 17(100.0) | |
4–6 | 3(3.2) | 82(88.2) | 8(8.6) | 3(3.2) | 90(96.8) | 9(9.7) | 84(90.3) | |
≥ 6 | 11(5.4) | 166(81.8) | 26(12.8) | 6(3.0) | 197(97.0) | 16(7.9) | 187(92.1) | |
p | 0.008b | 0.031b | 0.725b | |||||
History of acute respiratory infection in the last two weeks | Yes | 3(20.0) | 10(66.7) | 2(13.3) | 3(20.0) | 12(80.0) | 3(20.0) | 12(80.0) |
No | 19(5.4) | 302(85.6) | 32(9.1) | 13(3.7) | 340(96.3) | 26(7.4) | 327(92.6) | |
p | 0.035b | 0.022b | 0.105b | |||||
History of diarrhea in the last two weeks | Yes | 5(18.5) | 22(81.5) | 0(0.0) | 4(14.8) | 23(85.2) | 4(14.8) | 23(85.2) |
No | 17(5.0) | 290(85.0) | 34(10.0) | 12(3.5) | 329(96.5) | 25(7.3) | 316(92.7) | |
p | 0.008b | 0.023b | 0.252b | |||||
Hospitalization history in the last 1 month | Yes | 0(0.0) | 3(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 3(100.0) | 1(33.3) | 2(66.7) |
No | 22(6.0) | 309(84.7) | 34(9.3) | 16(4.4) | 349(95.6) | 28(7.7) | 337(92.3) | |
p | 1b | 1b | 0.219b | |||||
Hospitalization history in the last 3 month | Yes | 0(0.0) | 7(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 7(100.0) | 1(14.3) | 6(85.7) |
No | 22(6.1) | 305(84.5) | 34(9.4) | 16(4.4) | 345(95.6) | 28(7.8) | 333(92.2) | |
p | 1b | 1b | 1b | |||||
birth (Mean ± SD,gr) Weight at | 3029.54 ± 552.19 | 3184.03 ± 434.92 | 3227.94 ± 441.62 | 3018.75 ± 610.97 | 3186.13 ± 434.34 | 3134.48 ± 388.93 | 3182.65 ± 448.36 | |
p | 0.229c | 0.295d | 0.336d | |||||
Height at birth (Mean ± SD, cm) | 49.62 ± 2.17 | 49.80 ± 1.98 | 49.70 ± 1.31 | 49.67 ± 2.59 | 49.78 ± 1.90 | 49.41 ± 2.02 | 49.81 ± 1.92 | |
p | 0.896c | 0.823d | 0.288d | |||||