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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of 54 children with RVH

From: Hypertension crisis as the first symptom of renovascular hypertension in children

Variables

Total

Non-HTN‐C

HTN‐C

P-value

HTN‐U

HTN‐E

No. of cases

54

3

18

33

 

Sex (n,%)

    

0.916

Female

13 (24.1)

1 (33.3)

4 (22.2)

8 (24.2)

 

Male

41 (75.9)

2 (66.7)

14 (77.8)

25 (75.8)

 

BP (mmHg)

SBP

180.2 ± 31.2

140.3 ± 19.5

169.9 ± 18.3

189.5 ± 33.4

0.006

DBP

113.0 ± 25.2

85.7 ± 6.7

107.6 ± 21.4

118.4 ± 26.3

0.051

Different age groups at admission (years) (n,%)

    

0.429

< 6

9 (16.7)

1 (33.3)

4 (22.2)

4 (12.1)

 

6–12

20 (37.0)

0 (0.0)

5 (27.8)

15 (45.5)

 

12–18

25 (46.3)

2 (66.7)

9 (50.0)

14 (42.4)

 

Age of admission (year)

11.3 ± 4.7

15.0 ± 3.3

11.0 ± 5.2

11.2 ± 4.4

0.387

Age of first symptoms (year)

10.6 ± 4.7

14.9 ± 3.3

10.4 ± 5.1

10.4 ± 4.5

0.272

Age of diagnosis RVH (year)

11.3 ± 4.5

15.0 ± 3.3

11.0 ± 5.3

11.2 ± 4.1

0.364

TT admission RVH (month)

2.7 (0.00–120.0)

1.2 (0.1–2.0)

2.0 (0.2–52.6)

4.0 (0.0–120.0)

0.530

TT symptoms admission (month)

3.1 (0.0–53.1)

0.9 (0.0–2.1)

2.2 (0.0–53.1)

4.9 (0.1–53.1)

0.5545

First symptoms (n,%)

    

0.001

Acute kidney injury

3 (5.6)

0 (0.0)

3 (16.7)

0 (0.0)

 

Asymptomatic

14 (25.9)

2 (66.7)

9 (50.0)

3 (9.1)

 

Heart failure

7 (13.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (5.6)

6 (18.2)

 

Neurological symptoms

30 (55.6)

1 (33.3)

5 (27.8)

24 (72.7)

 

Headache

21(38.9)

1(25.0)

4(22.2)

16(48.5)

 

Blurred vision

10(18.5)

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

10(30.3)

 

Dizzy

7 (12.9)

1(25.0)

1(5.0)

5(15.2)

 

Convulsion

4 (7.4)

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

4(12.1)

 

Recurrent syncope

1 (1.9)

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

1(3.0)

 

Hemiplegia

1 (1.9)

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

1(3.0)

 

Limb weakness

1 (1.9)

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

1(3.0)

 

Etiology (n,%)

    

0.666

Atherosclerosis

1 (4.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (7.7)

 

Congenital renal dysplasia

6 (27.3)

0 (0.0)

2 (28.6)

4 (30.8)

 

FMD

3 (13.6)

1 (50.0)

1 (14.3)

1 (7.7)

 

TA

11 (50.0)

1 (50.0)

3 (42.9)

7 (53.8)

 

Trauma

1 (4.5)

0 (0.0)

1 (14.3)

0 (0.0)

 

Other vascular abnormalities (n,%)

    

0.602

No

46 (85.2)

2 (66.7)

16 (88.9)

28 (84.8)

 

Yes

8 (14.8)

1 (33.3)

2 (11.1)

5 (15.2)

 

Stenosis side (n,%)

    

0.181

Bilateral

12 (22.2)

1 (33.3)

2 (11.1)

9 (27.3)

 

Left

21 (38.9)

0 (0.0)

6 (33.3)

15 (45.5)

 

Right

21 (38.9)

2 (66.7)

10 (55.6)

9 (27.3)

 

Site of stenosis (n,%)

    

0.686

Proximal

19 (59.4)

3 (100.0)

5 (71.4)

11 (50.0)

 

Distal

4 (12.5)

0 (0.0)

1 (14.3)

3 (13.6)

 

middle

6 (18.8)

0 (0.0)

1 (14.3)

5 (22.7)

 

Full

3 (9.4)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

3 (13.6)

 

Inequality of renal size (> 1.5 cm difference) (n,%)

    

0.457

No

42 (82.4)

3 (100.0)

15 (88.2)

24 (77.4)

 

Yes

9 (17.6)

0 (0.0)

2 (11.8)

7 (22.6)

 

High plasma renin and Ang II levels (n,%)

    

0.596

No

8 (21.6)

1 (50.0)

2 (18.2)

5 (20.8)

 

Yes

29 (78.4)

1 (50.0)

9 (81.8)

19 (79.2)

 

Hyponatremia (n,%)

    

0.827

No

49 (90.7)

3 (100.0)

16 (88.9)

30 (90.9)

 

Yes

5 (9.3)

0 (0.0)

2 (11.1)

3 (9.1)

 

Hypokalemia (n,%)

    

0.581

No

41 (75.9)

3 (100.0)

13 (72.2)

25 (75.8)

 

Yes

13 (24.1)

0 (0.0)

5 (27.8)

8 (24.2)

 
  1. Abbreviations: RVH Renovascular hypertension, Non-HTN-C Nonhypertensive crisis, HTN‐C Hypertensive crisis, HTN‐U Hypertensive urgency, HTN-E Hypertensive emergency, N Number of cases, BP Blood pressure, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, y year/years, TT Admission RVH Time from admission to RVH diagnosis, TT symptoms admission Time from symptoms to admission, FMD Fibromuscular dysplasia, TA Takayasu's arteritis, Ang II Angiotensin II