From: Hypertension crisis as the first symptom of renovascular hypertension in children
Variables | Total | Non-HTN‐C | HTN‐C | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HTN‐U | HTN‐E | ||||
No. of cases | 54 | 3 | 18 | 33 | |
Sex (n,%) | 0.916 | ||||
Female | 13 (24.1) | 1 (33.3) | 4 (22.2) | 8 (24.2) | |
Male | 41 (75.9) | 2 (66.7) | 14 (77.8) | 25 (75.8) | |
BP (mmHg) | |||||
SBP | 180.2 ± 31.2 | 140.3 ± 19.5 | 169.9 ± 18.3 | 189.5 ± 33.4 | 0.006 |
DBP | 113.0 ± 25.2 | 85.7 ± 6.7 | 107.6 ± 21.4 | 118.4 ± 26.3 | 0.051 |
Different age groups at admission (years) (n,%) | 0.429 | ||||
< 6 | 9 (16.7) | 1 (33.3) | 4 (22.2) | 4 (12.1) | |
6–12 | 20 (37.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (27.8) | 15 (45.5) | |
12–18 | 25 (46.3) | 2 (66.7) | 9 (50.0) | 14 (42.4) | |
Age of admission (year) | 11.3 ± 4.7 | 15.0 ± 3.3 | 11.0 ± 5.2 | 11.2 ± 4.4 | 0.387 |
Age of first symptoms (year) | 10.6 ± 4.7 | 14.9 ± 3.3 | 10.4 ± 5.1 | 10.4 ± 4.5 | 0.272 |
Age of diagnosis RVH (year) | 11.3 ± 4.5 | 15.0 ± 3.3 | 11.0 ± 5.3 | 11.2 ± 4.1 | 0.364 |
TT admission RVH (month) | 2.7 (0.00–120.0) | 1.2 (0.1–2.0) | 2.0 (0.2–52.6) | 4.0 (0.0–120.0) | 0.530 |
TT symptoms admission (month) | 3.1 (0.0–53.1) | 0.9 (0.0–2.1) | 2.2 (0.0–53.1) | 4.9 (0.1–53.1) | 0.5545 |
First symptoms (n,%) | 0.001 | ||||
Acute kidney injury | 3 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
Asymptomatic | 14 (25.9) | 2 (66.7) | 9 (50.0) | 3 (9.1) | |
Heart failure | 7 (13.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.6) | 6 (18.2) | |
Neurological symptoms | 30 (55.6) | 1 (33.3) | 5 (27.8) | 24 (72.7) | |
Headache | 21(38.9) | 1(25.0) | 4(22.2) | 16(48.5) | |
Blurred vision | 10(18.5) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 10(30.3) | |
Dizzy | 7 (12.9) | 1(25.0) | 1(5.0) | 5(15.2) | |
Convulsion | 4 (7.4) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 4(12.1) | |
Recurrent syncope | 1 (1.9) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 1(3.0) | |
Hemiplegia | 1 (1.9) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 1(3.0) | |
Limb weakness | 1 (1.9) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 1(3.0) | |
Etiology (n,%) | 0.666 | ||||
Atherosclerosis | 1 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.7) | |
Congenital renal dysplasia | 6 (27.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (28.6) | 4 (30.8) | |
FMD | 3 (13.6) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (14.3) | 1 (7.7) | |
TA | 11 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 3 (42.9) | 7 (53.8) | |
Trauma | 1 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
Other vascular abnormalities (n,%) | 0.602 | ||||
No | 46 (85.2) | 2 (66.7) | 16 (88.9) | 28 (84.8) | |
Yes | 8 (14.8) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (11.1) | 5 (15.2) | |
Stenosis side (n,%) | 0.181 | ||||
Bilateral | 12 (22.2) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (11.1) | 9 (27.3) | |
Left | 21 (38.9) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (33.3) | 15 (45.5) | |
Right | 21 (38.9) | 2 (66.7) | 10 (55.6) | 9 (27.3) | |
Site of stenosis (n,%) | 0.686 | ||||
Proximal | 19 (59.4) | 3 (100.0) | 5 (71.4) | 11 (50.0) | |
Distal | 4 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) | 3 (13.6) | |
middle | 6 (18.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) | 5 (22.7) | |
Full | 3 (9.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (13.6) | |
Inequality of renal size (> 1.5 cm difference) (n,%) | 0.457 | ||||
No | 42 (82.4) | 3 (100.0) | 15 (88.2) | 24 (77.4) | |
Yes | 9 (17.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (11.8) | 7 (22.6) | |
High plasma renin and Ang II levels (n,%) | 0.596 | ||||
No | 8 (21.6) | 1 (50.0) | 2 (18.2) | 5 (20.8) | |
Yes | 29 (78.4) | 1 (50.0) | 9 (81.8) | 19 (79.2) | |
Hyponatremia (n,%) | 0.827 | ||||
No | 49 (90.7) | 3 (100.0) | 16 (88.9) | 30 (90.9) | |
Yes | 5 (9.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (11.1) | 3 (9.1) | |
Hypokalemia (n,%) | 0.581 | ||||
No | 41 (75.9) | 3 (100.0) | 13 (72.2) | 25 (75.8) | |
Yes | 13 (24.1) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (27.8) | 8 (24.2) |