Table 1 Maternal and neonatal demographic characteristics with different levels neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

Age at diagnosis(days)

13.9 ± 5.5

14.1 ± 5.7

13.7 ± 5.2

0.061

Gender

 Male

174(76.3)

12(57.1)

162(78.3)

0.030

 Female

54(23.7)

9(42.9)

45(21.7)

Residential region

 Urban

90(39.5)

10(47.6)

80(38.6)

0.423

 Rural

138(60.5)

11(52.4)

127(61.4)

Birth weight(g)

 1500–2499

171(75.0)

11(52.4)

160(77.3)

0.042

 2500–4000

33(14.5)

6(28.6)

27(13.0)

 > 4000

24(10.5)

4(19.0)

20(9.7)

Gestational age at birth (weeks)

 32–36

154(67.5)

9(42.9)

145(70.0)

0.040

 37–42

43(18.9)

7(33.3)

36(17.4)

 > 42

31(13.6)

5(23.8)

26(12.6)

Parity

 1

134(58.7)

8(38.1)

126(60.9)

0.034

 2

64(28.1)

11(52.4)

53(25.6)

 ≥ 3

30(13.2)

2(9.5)

28(13.5)

Feeding pattern

 Breastfeeding

135(59.2)

9(42.9)

126(60.9)

0.035

 Artificial feeding

56(24.6)

10(47.6)

46(22.2)

 Mixed feeding

37(16.2)

2(9.5)

35(16.9)

Delivery mode

 Natural delivery

134(58.8)

8(38.1)

126(60.9)

0.043

 Cesarean section

94(41.2)

13(61.9)

81(39.1)

1-min Apgar’s score

 ≥ 7

137(60.1)

7(33.3)

130(62.8)

0.009

 < 7

91(39.9)

14(66.7)

77(37.2)

5-min Apgar’s score

 ≥ 7

116(50.9)

15(71.4)

101(48.8)

0.048

 < 7

112(49.1)

6(28.6)

106(51.2)

Preterm birth

 Yes

172(75.4)

11(52.4)

161(77.8)

0.010

 No

56(24.6)

10(47.6)

46(22.2)

Intrauterine infection

 Yes

98(43.0)

15(71.4)

83(40.1)

0.006

 No

130(57.0)

6(28.6)

124(59.9)

Intrauterine distress

 Yes

119(52.2)

16(76.2)

103(49.8)

0.021

 No

109(47.8)

5(23.8)

104(50.2)

Amniotic fluid contamination

 Yes

122(53.5)

16(76.2)

106(51.2)

0.029

 No

106(46.5)

5(23.8)

101(48.8)

Amniotic fluid anomaly

 Yes

130(57.0)

17(81.0)

113(54.6)

0.020

 No

98(43.0)

4(19.0)

94(45.4)

Abnormal labor stage

 Yes

172(75.4)

12(57.1)

160(77.3)

0.041

 No

56(24.6)

9(42.9)

47(22.7)