Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
References | Year of publication | Design | N | Population | Definition of the TP | Nutritional guidelines | Growth indicators | Main Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Miller et al. [13] | 2014 | Case–control | 156 | Gestational age < 32 w and birth weight < 2000 g | EN volume: 30 -160 ml/kg/d | Pediatric nutrition handbook of the American Academy of Pediatrics | Discharge weight < 10th percentile for post-menstrual age | 1. Duration of the TP 2. Energy, protein and energy protein ratio in the TP 3. Weight percentile at discharge |
Liotto et al. [19] | 2020 | Case–control | 106 | Birth weight < 1500 g | Start: the first day when PN began to decrease; End: the day when PN completely stopped, i.e. EN volume: 60—(150 ~ 180) ml/kg/d | European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guidelines | Growth velocity during the TP < 15 g/kg/d | Start and duration of the TP 2. Energy and protein in the TP 3. Growth velocity in the TP |
Wang et al. [20] | 2020 | Case–control | 40 | Gestational age < 32 w and birth weight < 1500 g | Start: when AA infusion in PN increased to the goal of 3.5—4.0 g/kg/d; End: full intestinal feeding was reached | Chinese guideline for newborn nutrition support in neonates | Weight at the end of the TP < 10th percentile for post-menstrual age | 1. Start and end time of the TP 2. AA in the TP 3. Weight percentile in the TP |