Table 3 The Drummond checklist and the quality assessment of the studies included in the systematic review
From: Primary prevention programs for childhood obesity: are they cost-effective?
Study Design | Kesztyu’s 2011 [31] | Hayes 2014 [28] | Gortmaker 2015 (CHOICE) [25] | Gortmaker 2015 (Obesity & Diet) [32] | Conesa 2018 [29] | Wyatt 2018 [27] | Canaway 2019 [24] | Ananthap. 2019 [30] | Joo Tan 2020 [26] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(I) The research question is stated | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
(2) The economic importance of the research question is stated | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
(3) The viewpoint(s) of the analysis are clearly stated and justified | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
(4) The rationale for choosing the alternative programs or interventions compared is stated | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | NC | Y |
(5) The alternatives being compared are clearly described | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
(6) The form of economic evaluation used is stated | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
(7) The choice of form of economic evaluation is justified in relation to the questions addressed | NC | NC | Y | Y | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC |
Data collection | |||||||||
(8) The source(s) of effectiveness estimates used are stated | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
(9) Details of the design and results of effectiveness study are given (if based on a single study) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
(10) Details of the method of synthesis or meta-analysis of estimates are given (overview) | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N |
(11) The primary outcome measure(s) for the economic evaluation are clearly stated | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
(12) Methods to value health states and other benefits are stated | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
(13) Details of the subjects from whom valuations were obtained are given | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC | Y | NC | N | N |
(14) Productivity changes (if included) are reported separately | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
(15) The relevance of productivity changes to the study question is discussed | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |
(16) Quantities of resources are reported separately from their unit costs | Y | N | N | N | NC | N | Y | NC | Y |
(17) Methods for the estimation of quantities and unit costs are described | Y | Y | NC | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
(18) Currency and price data are recorded | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
19) Details of currency of price adjustments for inflation or currency conversion are given | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y |
(20) Details of any model used are given | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | NC | Y |
(21) The choice of model used and the key parameters on which it is based are justified | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Analysis and interpretation of results | |||||||||
(22) Time horizon of costs and benefits is stated | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
(23) The discount rate(s) is stated | N | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | |
(24) The choice of rate(s) is justified | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |
(25) An explanation is given if costs or benefits are not discounted | Y | NC | NC | NC | N | N | N | N | N |
(26) Details of statistical tests and confidence intervals are given for stochastic data | Y | Y | Y | NC | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
(27) The approach to sensitivity analysis is given | Y | Y | NC | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
(28) The choice of variables for sensitivity analysis is justified | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N |
(29) The ranges over which the variables are varied are stated | Y | Y | Y | NC | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
(30) Relevant alternatives are compared | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y |
(31) Incremental analysis is reported | Y | Y | NC | NC | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
(32) Major outcomes are presented in a disaggregated as well as aggregated form | Y | N | N | N | N | NC | NC | Y | Y |
(33) The answer to the study question is given | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
(34) Conclusions follow from the data reported | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
(35) Conclusions are accompanied by the appropriate caveats | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |