Table 1 Clinical features of new cases of type 1 diabetes during the study period and comparison between subgroups according to the severity of diabetic ketoacidosis

Number of patients

50 (48.5%)

25 (24.3%)

9 (8.7%)

19 (18.4%)

Age (years)

10.3 (6.7; 12.3)

9.1 (7.2; 12.1)

9.8 (8.7; 13)

6.0 (1.9; 11.5)

0.019*

Gender

0.122

 Male

30 (60%)

18 (72%)

6 (66.7%)

10 (52.6%)

 Female

20 (40%)

7 (28%)

3 (33.3%)

9 (47.4%)

Height (Z-score)

0.49 (-0.72; 0.90)

-0.03 (-0.39; 0.81)

-0.56 (-1.08; -0.28)

-0.49 (-0.92; 0.55)

0.374

Weight (Z-score)

-0.06 (-0.59; 0.81)

-0.35 (-1.05; 1.11)

-0.04 (-0.58; 0.1)

-0.26 (-0.92; 0.77)

0.827

BMI (Z-score)

0.52 (-0.44; 1.62)

0.36 (-0.77; 1.96)

0.51 (-0.06; 1.00)

-0.14 (-0.82; 0.95)

0.465

Family history of T1D (1^st degree)

6 (12%)

2 (8%)

1 (11.1%)

0

n.a

Low household income

23 (46%)

12 (48%)

4 (44.4%)

11 (57.9%)

0.279

Immigrant background

3 (6%)

0

0

5 (26.3%)

n.a

Venous pH

7.35 (7.33; 7.38)

7.27 (7.24; 7.29)

7.14 (7.14; 7.2)

6.91 (6.85; 7.00)

 < 0.001*

Serum bicarbonate (mmol/L)

21.4 (20.1; 22.9)

16.2 (14.7; 18.2)

10.7 (10.6; 11.1)

6.5 (5.1; 7.7)

 < 0.001*

HbA1c at onset (%)

11.2 (8.9; 13.7)

11.9 (9.6; 13.4)

12.4 (11.3; 14)

11.1 (10.7; 12.6)

0.874

T1D autoantibodies

35 (70%)

21 (84%)

6 (66.7%)

14 (73.7%)

0.741

Cerebral edema

0

0

0

1 (5.3%)

n.a

Mortality

0

0

0

1 (5.3%)

n.a