Table 3 Studies characteristics included in the review
Author | Year | Country / Language | Type of study | Participants | EL | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size | Gender | ||||||
Gómez-Becerra [9] | 2020 | Spain /Spanish | Cross sectional study | N = 972 | M = 54.93%; F = 45.06% | IIa | |
Liang[18] | 2020 | Italy/English | Cross sectional study | N = 1074 | M = 52%; F = 48% | IIa | |
Erades [10] | 2020 | Spain / Spanish | Cross sectional study | N = 113 | M = 51.8%; F = 48.2% | IIa | |
Orgilés M [11] | 2020 | Spain / English | Case-control study | N = 96 | M = 42.7%; F = 57.3% | III | |
Morgül E [20] | 2020 | UK / English | Cross sectional study | N = 927 | NA | IIa | |
Tamarit A [12] | 2020 | Spain / English | Cross sectional study | N = 523 | M = 63.1%; F = 35.8% | IIa | |
Ezpeleta L [13] | 2020 | Spain / English | Cross sectional study | N = 226 | M = 48.23%; F = 51.77% | IIa | |
Magson[17] | 2021 | Australia/English | Longitudinal study | N = 248 | M = 49.2%; F = 50.8% | IIa | |
Tang [16] | 2021 | China/ English | Cross sectional study | N = 4342 | M = 51%; F = 49% | IIa | |
Orgilés M [14] | 2021 | Spain, Portugal, Italy / English | Cross sectional study | N = 515 | M = 54.2%; F = 45.8% | IIa | |
Francisco R [15] | 2020 | Spain, Portugal, Italy / English | Cross sectional study | N = 1480 | M = 52.8%; F = 47.2% | IIa | |
Pizarro Ruiz [8] | 2021 | Spain / English | Cross sectional study | N = 590 | Children M = 48.3%; F = 51.7% Adolescents M = 36.6%; F = 63.4% | IIa | |
Segre[19] | 2021 | Italy/English | Cross sectional study | N = 82 | M = 53.7%;F = 46.3% | IIa | |
Al-Rhamneh[21] | 2021 | Jordan/English | Cross sectional study | N = 1309 | M = 54.7%; F = 45.3% | IIa | |
Radwan[22] | 2021 | Palestian/English | Cross sectional study | N = 420 | M = 32.6%; F = 67.4% | IIa | |
Mohler-Kuo[23] | 2021 | Switzerland/English | Cross sectional study | N = 1146 | M = 49.6%; F = 50.4% | IIa | |