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  1. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in the GNAS locus are responsible for the Gsα protein dysfunctions causing Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) type Ia/c and Ib, respectively. For these heterogeneous diseases charac...

    Authors: L. de Sanctis, F. Giachero, G. Mantovani, G. Weber, M. Salerno, G. I. Baroncelli, F. M. Elli, P. Matarazzo, M. Wasniewska, L. Mazzanti, G. Scirè and D. Tessaris
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:101
  2. High fidelity simulation has been executed to allow the evaluation of technical and non-technical skills of health caregivers. Our objective was to assess technical and non-technical performances of low level ...

    Authors: Giuseppe De Bernardo, Desirée Sordino, Francesco Cavallin, Veronica Mardegan, Nicoletta Doglioni, Maria Luisa Tataranno and Daniele Trevisanuto
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:100
  3. Varicella is an acute infectious disease common during childhood. It has mostly an uncomplicated course in early childhood. Neverthless, it may result in severe complications, especially in particular age grou...

    Authors: Diletta Valentini, Simona Bianchi, Chiara Di Camillo, Anna Chiara Vittucci, Michaela Veronika Gonfiantini, Rita De Vito and Alberto Villani
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:99
  4. Recent investigations suggest a possible common genetic background between Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Celiac Disease (CD). However, studies regarding this association are scarce and often limited by t...

    Authors: Sara Calderoni, Elisa Santocchi, Teresa Del Bianco, Elena Brunori, Laura Caponi, Aldo Paolicchi, Francesca Fulceri, Margherita Prosperi, Antonio Narzisi, Angela Cosenza, Raffaella Tancredi and Filippo Muratori
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:98
  5. Active commuting to school (ACS) can contribute to daily physical activity (PA) levels in children and adolescents. The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristics of active commuting to and from schoo...

    Authors: Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, Cesar Augusto Beltrán, Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista, Andres Vivas, Daniel Humberto Prieto-Benavidez, Javier Martínez-Torres, Héctor Reynaldo Triana-Reina, Emilio Villa-González and Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:97
  6. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an increasingly diagnosed disease, especially in the western world. Although its pathogenesis remains poorly understood, there is strong evidence that the eosinophilic inflamm...

    Authors: Amelia Licari, Riccardo Castagnoli and Gian Luigi Marseglia
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:96
  7. Recently, there has been growing interest in the relationship between allergic and autoimmune diseases. Allergy and autoimmunity can be considered two potential outcomes of dysregulated immunity and analysis o...

    Authors: Gabriella D’Angelo, Lucia Marseglia, Sara Manti, Laura Colavita, Caterina Cuppari, Pietro Impellizzeri, Salvatore Arena, Teresa Arrigo, Carmelo Salpietro and Eloisa Gitto
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:95
  8. Benign convulsions with gastroenteritis (CwG) are defined as afebrile convulsions accompanying symptoms of gastroenteritis without evidence of laboratory derangement. Although the main pathogen has been known ...

    Authors: Gun-Ha Kim, Jung Hye Byeon, Deog-Yong Lee, Hyun Ju Jeong and Baik-Lin Eun
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:94
  9. PATRO Children is an ongoing observational, longitudinal, non-interventional, global post-marketing surveillance study, which is investigating the long-term safety and effectiveness of Omnitrope®, a somatropin...

    Authors: Lorenzo Iughetti, Gianluca Tornese, Maria Elisabeth Street, Flavia Napoli, Claudia Giavoli, Franco Antoniazzi, Stefano Stagi, Caterina Luongo, Sara Azzolini, Letizia Ragusa, Gianni Bona, Clara Zecchino, Tommaso Aversa, Luca Persani, Laura Guazzarotti, Emiliano Zecchi…
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:93
  10. Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of small and middle size arteries; 15-25 % of untreated patients and 5 % of patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) develop coronary artery...

    Authors: Maria Cristina Maggio, Giovanni Corsello, Eugenia Prinzi and Rolando Cimaz
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:92
  11. Angelman Syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopment disorder resulting from deficient expression or function of the maternally inherited allele of UBE3A gene. The aim of the study is to attempt at providing a de...

    Authors: S. Micheletti, F. Palestra, P. Martelli, P. Accorsi, J. Galli, L. Giordano, V. Trebeschi and E. Fazzi
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:91
  12. Children with end-stage renal disease are known to have a cardiorespiratory fitness significantly reduced. This is considered to be an independent index predictive of mortality mainly due to cardiovascular acc...

    Authors: Riccardo Lubrano, Giancarlo Tancredi, Raffaele Falsaperla and Marco Elli
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:90
  13. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography provides an automatical scan analysis of trabecular and cortical bone compartments, calculating not only their bone mineral density (BMD), but also bone geometrical ...

    Authors: Stefano Stagi, Loredana Cavalli, Tiziana Cavalli, Maurizio de Martino and Maria Luisa Brandi
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:88
  14. Infants born at 34 to 36 weeks of gestation (late preterm) are at greater risk for adverse outcomes than those born at 37 weeks of gestation or later. Aim of this paper is to examine risk factors for late pret...

    Authors: M. P. De Carolis, G. Pinna, C. Cocca, S. A. Rubortone, C. Romagnoli, I. Bersani, S. Salvi, A. Lanzone and S. De Carolis
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:87
  15. Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare but potentially lethal condition in paediatric patients. This condition is considered an immune-mediated disorder, but its pathogenesis is still unknown. Idi...

    Authors: Luca Castellazzi, Maria Francesca Patria, Gemma Frati, Andrea Alessandro Esposito and Susanna Esposito
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:86
  16. Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) is a heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterized by abnormal imaging findings, impaired gas exchange; and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortal...

    Authors: Silvia Caimmi, Amelia Licari, Davide Caimmi, Anna Rispoli, Eugenio Baraldi, Fiorella Calabrese and Gian Luigi Marseglia
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:84
  17. Kawasaki disease (KD) is an illness of unknown etiology that mostly occurs in children under 5 years of age and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease all over the world. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) was on...

    Authors: Yunjia Tang, Wenhua Yan, Ling Sun, Jie Huang, Weiguo Qian, Miao Hou and Haitao Lv
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:83
  18. Childhood cancer is relatively uncommon and the European age-standardized rate was 164 new case per million per year among children 0 to 14 years of age (95 % CI 158-170). Aims of our study are to evaluate the...

    Authors: Paolo Indolfi, Serena Picazio, Silverio Perrotta, Francesca Rossi, Andrea Pession, Martina Di Martino, Elvira Pota, Daniela Di Pinto, Cristiana Indolfi, Roberto Rondelli, Francesco Vetrano and Fiorina Casale
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:82
  19. Autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss, also known as autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is a rare clinical entity characterized by progressive and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss often accompanied by ves...

    Authors: Manuela Marsili, Valentina Marzetti, Marta Lucantoni, Giuseppe Lapergola, Marco Gattorno, Francesco Chiarelli and Luciana Breda
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:81
  20. Both haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and acute necrotizing encephalopathy are life-threatening condition. It presents major diagnostic difficulties, since it may have a diversity in clinical picture and wi...

    Authors: Dongling Dai, Feiqiu Wen, Sixi Liu and Shaoming Zhou
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:79
  21. Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) are a wide group of muscular disorders that manifest with very early onset of muscular weakness, sometime associated to severe brain involvement.

    Authors: Raffaele Falsaperla, Andrea D. Praticò, Martino Ruggieri, Enrico Parano, Renata Rizzo, Giovanni Corsello, Giovanna Vitaliti and Piero Pavone
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:78
  22. The radiation dose delivered from computed tomography (CT) scanning and the risks associated with ionising radiation are major concerns in paediatric imaging. Compared to adults, children have increased organ ...

    Authors: Tamader Y. AL-Rammah
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:77
  23. Living with a disabled child has profound effects on the entire family. With a prevalence of developmental disabilities around 2,5 %, there is a considerable need to promote improvements in the health care sys...

    Authors: G. Silibello, P. Vizziello, M. Gallucci, A. Selicorni, D. Milani, P. F. Ajmone, C. Rigamonti, S. De Stefano, M. F. Bedeschi and Faustina Lalatta
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:76
  24. This review focuses key advances in different pediatric fields that were published in Italian Journal of Pediatrics and in international journals in 2015. Weaning studies continue to show promise for preventin...

    Authors: Carlo Caffarelli, Francesca Santamaria, Dora Di Mauro, Carla Mastrorilli, Virginia Mirra and Sergio Bernasconi
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:75
  25. Salt-wasting represents a relatively common cause of emergency admission in infants and may result in life-threatening complications. Neonatal kidneys show low glomerular filtration rate and immaturity of the ...

    Authors: Carla Bizzarri, Nicole Olivini, Stefania Pedicelli, Romana Marini, Germana Giannone, Paola Cambiaso and Marco Cappa
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:73
  26. Intussusception is a common cause of bowel obstruction in the pediatric population. Malignant lesions account for up to 30 % of all cases of intussusception in the small intestine. We herein report an interest...

    Authors: Gabriella D’Angelo, Lucia Marseglia, Marta Manti, Giovanni Stroscio, Daniela Impollonia, Salvatore Arena, Pietro Impellizzeri, Carmelo Salpietro, Carmelo Romeo and Eloisa Gitto
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:72
  27. Hypogammaglobulinemia in early childhood is a common feature characterized by distinct intrinsic and extrinsic factors leading to disturbed peripheral blood lymphocyte homeostasis. Detailed flow cytometric imm...

    Authors: Aleksandra Szczawinska-Poplonyk, Katarzyna Tapolska-Jozwiak and Husam Samara
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:71
  28. The clinical and pathogenetic heterogeneity of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) limits our ability to predict its short- and long-term evolution. Aim of this naturalistic study was to observe the clinical evolu...

    Authors: Leonardo Emberti Gialloreti, Arianna Benvenuto, Barbara Battan, Francesca Benassi and Paolo Curatolo
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:70
  29. The present article intends to provide an update of the article “Focus on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in children and adolescents” published in 2013 (Spagnolo et al., Ital J Pediatr 39:...

    Authors: Mirella Strambi, Marco Giussani, Maria Amalia Ambruzzi, Paolo Brambilla, Ciro Corrado, Ugo Giordano, Claudio Maffeis, Silvio Maringhin, Maria Chiara Matteucci, Ettore Menghetti, Patrizia Salice, Federico Schena, Pietro Strisciuglio, Giuliana Valerio, Francesca Viazzi, Raffaele Virdis…
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:69
  30. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms without structural or biochemical abnormalities. FGIDs are multifactorial conditions with different pathophysiol...

    Authors: Silvia Salvatore, Salvatore Barberi, Osvaldo Borrelli, Annamaria Castellazzi, Dora Di Mauro, Giuseppe Di Mauro, Mattia Doria, Ruggiero Francavilla, Massimo Landi, Alberto Martelli, Vito Leonardo Miniello, Giovanni Simeone, Elvira Verduci, Carmen Verga, Maria Assunta Zanetti and Annamaria Staiano
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:68
  31. In a cohort of children in Cyprus, we recently reported low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to be associated with asthma. We examined whether genetic polymorphisms that were previously l...

    Authors: Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Panayiotis Kouis, Ourania Kolokotroni, Sonia Youhanna, Savvas C. Savva, Kleanthi Dima, Aikaterini Zerva, Danielle Platt, Nicos Middleton and Pierre Zalloua
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:67
  32. Early detection of child maltreatment in pediatric emergency department is one of the most important challenges for the Italian and European medical care system. Several interventions have been proposed, but r...

    Authors: Gregorio P. Milani, Federica A. Vianello, Barbara Cantoni, Carlo Agostoni and Emilio F. Fossali
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:66
  33. Women in many countries are advised to use folic acid supplements before and early during pregnancy to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in their infants. This study aimed to update the prevalence and to ...

    Authors: Roy M. Nilsen, Emanuele Leoncini, Paolo Gastaldi, Valentina Allegri, Rocco Agostino, Francesca Faravelli, Federica Ferrazzoli, Enrico Finale, Paolo Ghirri, Gioacchino Scarano and Pierpaolo Mastroiacovo
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:65
  34. To compare cost effectiveness of ‘Kangaroo Ward Care’ with ‘Intermediate Intensive Care’ in stable very low birth weight infants (birth weight < 1100 g).

    Authors: Deepak Sharma, Srinivas Murki and Tejo Pratap Oleti
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:64
  35. Nephrotic syndrome is a disorder characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and dyslipidemia. Low-dose alternate-day steroid regimen is the standard of care. In case of relapse or significant adverse events...

    Authors: Dario Maratea, Monica Bettio, Maria Grazia Corti, Giovanni Montini and Francesca Venturini
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:63
  36. The current treatment approach for type 1 diabetes is based on daily insulin injections, combined with blood glucose monitoring. However, administration of exogenous insulin fails to mimic the physiological ac...

    Authors: Bernard Okere, Laura Lucaccioni, Massimo Dominici and Lorenzo Iughetti
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:62
  37. In infants under 3 years of age acquired primary hypothyroidism caused by autoimmune thyroiditis is very rare. Hypothyroidism can manifest with different signs and symptoms and has a wide range of presentation...

    Authors: Pierluigi Marzuillo, Anna Grandone, Silverio Perrotta, Laura Ruggiero, Carlo Capristo, Caterina Luongo, Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice and Laura Perrone
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:61
  38. Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is the most common vasculitis in childhood; nevertheless, its etiology and pathogenesis remain unknown despite the fact that a variety of factors, mainly infectious agents, drugs...

    Authors: Liviana Da Dalt, Claudia Zerbinati, Maria Stefania Strafella, Salvatore Renna, Laura Riceputi, Pasquale Di Pietro, Paola Barabino, Stefania Scanferla, Umberto Raucci, Nadia Mores, Adele Compagnone, Roberto Da Cas and Francesca Menniti-Ippolito
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:60
  39. Enuresis Nocturna (EN) is a common disorders in childhood. Although many different underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain EN, its etiology is multifactorial. Some reports demons...

    Authors: Emin Ozkaya, Seren Calıs Aydın, Mebrure Yazıcı and Rusen Dundaröz
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:59
  40. Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multiorgan fibroinflammatory condition with lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates containing abundant IgG4-positive plasma cells. The immunopathogenesis of the disease ...

    Authors: Aleksandra Szczawinska-Poplonyk, Irena Wojsyk-Banaszak, Katarzyna Jonczyk-Potoczna and Anna Breborowicz
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:58
  41. A1 Preterm and low birth weight nutrition in the first month life: implications for the outcome

    Authors: Massimo Agosti, Carlo Agostoni, Serge Chalons, Pascale Chavatte-Palmer, José Manuel Moreno Villares, Sophie Nicklaus, Luís Pereira-da-Silva, Angelo Pietrobelli, Marie Françoise Rolland-Cachera, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti, Marco Cappa, Manuela Caruso-Nicoletti, Elena Inzaghi, Stefano Cianfarani, Mario De Curtis, Laura Guazzarotti…
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42(Suppl 1):53

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 42 Supplement 1

  42. Moebius syndrome (MBS) is rare disease characterized by nonprogressive congenital uni- or bi-lateral facial (i. e. VII cranial nerve) and abducens (i. e. VI cranial nerve) palsy. Although the neurological and ...

    Authors: Odoardo Picciolini, Matteo Porro, Elisa Cattaneo, Silvia Castelletti, Giuseppe Masera, Fabio Mosca and Maria Francesca Bedeschi
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:56
  43. Since the fundamental principles of the medical profession were clearly defined in a physician charter in 2002, special considerations have been expressed about the adequate distribution of health care resourc...

    Authors: Roberto Bernardini, Giampaolo Ricci, Francesca Cipriani, Flavio Civitelli, Luciana Indinnimeo, Domenico Minasi, Luigi Terracciano and Marzia Duse
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:55
  44. Control of rubella infection is essential for preventing congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) and one of the important steps is to define a target population for vaccination. Therefore this study was done to dete...

    Authors: Mariam M. Mirambo, Said Aboud, Martha F. Mushi, Mwanaisha Seugendo, Mtebe Majigo, Uwe Groß and Stephen E. Mshana
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:54
  45. Five to 10 % of children with neuroblastoma present with symptoms of epidural compression (EC). More than half these patients are diagnosed in the first year of life. The case of a neuroblastoma presenting sym...

    Authors: Chiara Suffia, Stefania Sorrentino, Simona Vetrella, Delfina Bifano, Marilina Nantron, Bruno De Bernardi and Carlo Gandolfo
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:52

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