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Table 4 Relative risks estimates (hazard ratios) according to prenatal, neonatal/perinatal and postnatal/environmental conditions for hospitalization

From: Risk factors for bronchiolitis hospitalization during the first year of life in a multicenter Italian birth cohort

Exposures

Bronchiolitis hospitalization +/- exposed (%)

Multivariable HRa (95%b)

 

Events/unexposed

Events/exoposed [HRc, 95 % CI]

 

Gender-male

44/1060 (4.2)

76/1150 (6.6) [1.6, 1.1-2.3]

1.6 (1.1-2.4)

Week of gestational age

   

33-34 vs > 37

25/706 (3.5)

54/737 (7.3) [2.1, 1.3-3.4]

 

35-37 vs > 37

25/706 (3.5)

41/767 (5.3) [1.5, 0.9-2.5]

 

Prenatal

   

Mother’s history of BPCO

117/2184 (5.4)

3/26 (11.5) [2.2, 0.7–6.9]

 

Mother’s history of eczema

113/2123 (5.3)

7/87 (8.0) [1.6, 0.7–3.4]

 

Father’s history of BPCO

115/2180 (5.3)

5/30 (16.7) [3.6, 1.5–8.9]

 

Assisted reproductive technology

115/1959 (5.9)

5/251 (2.0) [0.3, 0.1–0.6]

 

Treatment with corticosteroids

75/1645 (4.6)

45/565 (8.0) [1.4, 0.9–2.2]

1.6 (1.1–2.4)

Mother’s pregnancy pathologies

78/1623 (4.8)

42/587 (7.2) [1.4, 0.9–2.0]

 

Prenatal smoke exposure

58/1358 (4.3)

62/852 (7.3) [1.8, 1.2–2.5]

1.6 (1.1–2.3)

Neonatal/Perinatal

   

Delivery

   

Singleton

23/537 (4.3)

97/1673 (5.8) [1.9, 1.2–3.0]

1.8 (1.1–2.9)

Resuscitation with O2

95/1911 (5.0)

25/299 (8.4) [1.4, 0.9–2.3)]

 

Perinatal

   

Neonatal hospitalization

83/1770 (4.7)

37/440 (8.4) [1.5, 1.0–2.2]

1.6 (1.0–2.5)

Surfactant therapy

109/2150 (5.1)

11/60 (18.3) [3.8, 1.6–5.8]

2.0 (1.1–3.8)

Postnatal (environmental)

   

Having siblings < 10 years

40/1310 (3.1)

73/792 (9.2) [3.3, 2.2–4.8]

3.0 (2.0–4.5)

       ≥ 10 years

40/1310 (3.1)

7/108 (6.5) [2.2, 1.0–5.0]

1.9 (0.9–4.4)

Environmental (home) conditions

   

Residential crowding

93/1983 (4.7)

27/227 (11.9) [2.6, 1.7–3.9]

2.4 (1.5–3.7)

Indoor humidity

101/1988 (5.1)

19/222 (8.6) [1.7, 1.0–2.8]

1.6 (1.0–2.6)

Heating system generating smoke

90/1742 (5.2)

30/468 (6.4) [1.2, 0.8–1.8]

 

Residence in the proximity of intense vehicular traffic roads

100/1926 (5.2)

20/284 (7.0) [1.4, 0.9–2.3]

 

Sibilings

63/1414 (4.5)

57/796 (7.2) [1.6, 1.1–2.3]

 

Lack of breastfeeding

78/1728 (4.5)

42/482 (8.7) [1.8, 1.2-2.6]

1.8 (1.2-2.6)

Passive cigarette smoke exposure

112/2102 (5.3)

8/108 (7.4) [1.5, 0.7–3.1]

 

Exposed to epidemic RSV season

31/887 (3.5)

89/1323 (6.7) [2.0, 1.3–3.0]

1.9 (1.3–2.9)

  1. aEstimates from a model including all significant variables at gender and weeks of gestational age adjusted analysis
  2. b95 % Confidence Interval
  3. cHazard ratios estimates adjusted for gender and weeks of gestational age
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Italian Journal of Pediatrics

ISSN: 1824-7288

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