Table 1 Table of included studies
Study | Number of patients | Gestational Age (Mean + range) | Sex male % | Study Design | Prevalence of infection (%) | Biomarkers | Cut-off | Sens % (95%CI) | Spec % (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Studies in newborns | |||||||||
Sarafidis et al. 2010 [17] | 52 | Infected 35 (24–40) weeks | Infected 57,1% | Prospective | 60% | sTREM-1 (ELISA, Quantikine) | 143 pg/ml | 70 (51-85) | 71 (47-88) |
31 infected 22 confirmed sepsis 9 possible sepsis | IL-6 | 66 pg/ml | 80 (61-92) | 81 (58-94) | |||||
Non-infected 30 (24–39) weeks | Non-infected 61.2% | 21 non infected | sTREM-1/IL-6 | 144/66 | 90 (73-98) | 62 (38-82) | |||
Schlapbach et al. 2013 [18] | 137 | Infected 39.9 (34.0–41.6) | Infected 55% | Prospective | 24% Infected | sTREM-1 (ELISA in-house) | 1.25 pg/ml | 75 | 52 |
CRP | 20 mg/L | 36 | 89 | ||||||
PCT | 2 ng/ml | 88 | 51 | ||||||
MIF | 50 ng/ml | 84 | 62 | ||||||
PSP | 9 ng/ml | 79 | 30 | ||||||
Non-infected 38.9 (34.0–42.0) | Non-infected 65% | 3 proven infection | PSP+PCT | 100 | 28 | ||||
>/=1 | |||||||||
30 probable infections | 68 | 90 | |||||||
2 | |||||||||
104 uninfected | PSP+PCT+sTREM | ||||||||
>/= 1 | 100 | 22 | |||||||
>/= 2 | 91 | 51 | |||||||
3 | 55 | 93 | |||||||
PSP+PCT+sTREM | 100 | 22 | |||||||
+CRP | |||||||||
>/= 1 | |||||||||
>/= 2 | 91 | 49 | |||||||
>/= 3 | 59 | 86 | |||||||
4 | 32 | 97 | |||||||
Mazzucchelli et al. 2013 [19] | 16 patients who developed sepsis among 70 observed patients | Infected 27.5 ± 2.7 weeks | Infected 56.25% | Prospective | 22.85% | TREM-1 expression on PMNs by flow cytometer analysis | Absolute levels not significant | 56.2% | 93.7% |
16 patients with culture proven sepsis | % of expression of TREM on PMN was evaluated 62.12% | ||||||||
16 controls chosen among the same 70 observed patients | Controls 26.9 ± 1.0 weeks | Controls 43.75% | 16 patient free of infection matched for sex and age | CD64 | 2.85 | 87.5% | 100% | ||
Adly et al. 2014 [20] | 112 septic patients | Culture proven 35+/-3 weeks | Culture proven 53.9% | Prospective | 100% (by study definition) | sTREM1 (ELISA, Quantikine) | 310 pg/mL | 100 | 100 |
40 controls | Culture negative 35.9+/-2,7 weeks | Culture negative 51% | 56.3% culture proven | 1100 pg/mL (for the prediction of survival) | 100 | 97 | |||
Controls 35.4+/-2 weeks | Controls 55% | 43.7% culture negative | CRP | 13.5 mg/L | 76 | 72 | |||
Studies in children | |||||||||
Chen et al. 2008 [21] | 44 | Infants with SBI 51.8+/-31.2 day/old | Infants with SBI 69.56% | Prospective | 52.27% | sTREM-1 (ELISA, Quantikine) | 24.4 pg/ml | 87 (78-97) | 81 (69-93) |
4.55% bacteraemia | |||||||||
Infants without SBI 30.3 +/-30.1 day/old | Infants with SBI 66.6% | 4.55% pneumonia | |||||||
4.55% meningitis | |||||||||
38.6% Urinary Tract Infections | |||||||||
Kevan et al. 2011 [22] | 24 IF patients | 18 months (3 -58 months) | 66.6% | Case control | - | sTREM-1 (ELISA, Quantikine) | - | - | - |
Repeated samples (n 65): - IF: 22 - febrile IF without BSI: 10 - IF + BSI: 17 - IF post-tratment:16 | |||||||||
LBP | - | - | - | ||||||
-Control group: 11 | |||||||||
Carrol et al. 2009 [23] | 377 patients: | 2.3 years, (0.8 -6.1 years) | 57% | Prospective | 74% | CRP | 10 mg/l | 100 | 13 |
95 Pneumonia | PCT | 0.5 ng/ml | 98 | 27 | |||||
282 Meningitidis | sTREM-1 (ELISA, Quantikine) | 25 pg/ml | 87 | 15 | |||||
190 HIV+ | sCD163 | 5000 ng/ml | 66 | 38 | |||||
13 malaria | HMGB1 | 5 ng/ml | 75 | 40 | |||||
Studies in neutropenic children | |||||||||
Arzanian et al. 2011 [24] | 65 | 66.2±37 months | 53.8% | Prospective | 20% | sTREM-1 (ELISA) | 525 pg/ml | 84.62% | 98.08% |
Miedema et al. 2011 [25] | 29 patients | Bacterial infection 8 years (6-13) | Bacterial infection 36% | Prospective | 32.56% | sTREM-1 (ELISA, in-house) | - | - | - |
CRP | 40 mg/l | t0=69 | t0=62 | ||||||
t24-48 h= 100 | t24-48 h= 42 | ||||||||
43 episodes febrile neutropenia | No bacterial infection 8 years (6-12) | No bacterial infection 59% | IL-8 | 60 ng/l | t0=92 | t0=54 | |||
PCT | 0.25 ng/ml | t24-48 h= 100 | t24-48 h= 57 | ||||||
t0=79 | t0=77 | ||||||||
t24-48 h= 100 | t24-48 h= 53 | ||||||||